TY - JOUR
T1 - 2,4-dichlorophenol exposure induces lipid accumulation and reactive oxygen species formation in zebrafish embryos
AU - Tsukazawa, Kazumi Sunny
AU - Li, Lei
AU - Tse, William Ka Fai
N1 - Funding Information:
The work was partially supported by the joint research program (18-003) of the Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University , Japan; the research program ( 18B-004; 17E-003 ) of the Kurita Water and Environment Foundation, Japan; Guangdong International Cooperation Grant ( 2019A050510032 ), Guangdong Department of Science and Technology , China; and the Key Collaborative Research Program ( ANSO-CR-KP-2021-12 ) of the Alliance of International Science Organizations , China.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021
PY - 2022/1/15
Y1 - 2022/1/15
N2 - 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) is commonly found in the aquatic environment that can be formed by the conversion of triclosan, which is a high production volume endocrine disturbing chemical. The study aims to understand the potential developmental toxicity of 2,4-DCP by using the in vivo zebrafish. We exposed the 2,4-DCP to the zebrafish embryos and collected the samples at several selected developmental stages (70–85% epiboly/10–12 somite/prim-5) for the whole mount in situ hybridization. The staining is used to investigate the ventral patterning, presumptive neural formation, and brain development. Results suggested that the 2,4-DCP exposure (up to 2.5 mg/L) did not affect the tested developmental processes in the survived embryos. Further experiments on lipid accumulation and oxidative stress were carried out at 5 days post fertilization larvae. Results showed the accumulation of oil droplets and induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the larvae after the highest dosage exposure (2.5 mg/L). The real-time qPCR results suggested that the alternation of lipid metabolism was due to the reduced mRNA expressions of proliferator-activated receptor alpha (ppar-α) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (acc); while the suppressed glutathione peroxidase (gpx) mRNA expression was responsible for the induction of the ROS. To conclude, the study provided scientific merits of understanding 2,4-DCP toxicity, and suggested the possible underlying mechanism of the defects.
AB - 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) is commonly found in the aquatic environment that can be formed by the conversion of triclosan, which is a high production volume endocrine disturbing chemical. The study aims to understand the potential developmental toxicity of 2,4-DCP by using the in vivo zebrafish. We exposed the 2,4-DCP to the zebrafish embryos and collected the samples at several selected developmental stages (70–85% epiboly/10–12 somite/prim-5) for the whole mount in situ hybridization. The staining is used to investigate the ventral patterning, presumptive neural formation, and brain development. Results suggested that the 2,4-DCP exposure (up to 2.5 mg/L) did not affect the tested developmental processes in the survived embryos. Further experiments on lipid accumulation and oxidative stress were carried out at 5 days post fertilization larvae. Results showed the accumulation of oil droplets and induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the larvae after the highest dosage exposure (2.5 mg/L). The real-time qPCR results suggested that the alternation of lipid metabolism was due to the reduced mRNA expressions of proliferator-activated receptor alpha (ppar-α) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (acc); while the suppressed glutathione peroxidase (gpx) mRNA expression was responsible for the induction of the ROS. To conclude, the study provided scientific merits of understanding 2,4-DCP toxicity, and suggested the possible underlying mechanism of the defects.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113133
DO - 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113133
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85121873399
VL - 230
JO - Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
JF - Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
SN - 0147-6513
M1 - 113133
ER -