TY - GEN
T1 - A new scrambling evaluation scheme based on spatial distribution entropy and centroid difference of bit-plane
AU - Zhao, Liang
AU - Adhikari, Avishek
AU - Sakurai, Kouichi
N1 - Funding Information:
★ The first author of this research Liang Zhao is supported by the governmental schol-arship from China Scholarship Council.
Funding Information:
This research including the visit of Dr. Avishek Adhikari to Kyushu University is supported by Strategic Japanese-Indian Cooperative Programme on Multidisciplinary Research Field, which combines Information and Communications Technology with Other Fields Supported by Japan Science and Technology Agency and Department of Science and Technology of the Government of India. The authors would like to thank Dr. Di Xiao, who is an associate professor of Chongqing University, China, for his helpful comments and suggestions.
PY - 2011
Y1 - 2011
N2 - Watermarking is one of the most effective techniques for copyright protection and information hiding. It can be applied in many fields of our society. Nowadays, some image scrambling schemes are used as one part of the watermarking algorithm to enhance the security. Therefore, how to select an image scrambling scheme and what kind of the image scrambling scheme may be used for watermarking are the key problems. Evaluation method of the image scrambling schemes can be seen as a useful test tool for showing the property or flaw of the image scrambling method. In this paper, a new scrambling evaluation system based on spatial distribution entropy and centroid difference of bit-plane is presented to obtain the scrambling degree of image scrambling schemes. Our scheme is illustrated and justified through computer simulations. The experimental results show (in Figs. 6 and 7) that for the general gray-scale image, the evaluation degree of the corresponding cipher image for the first 4 significant bit-planes selection is nearly the same as that for the 8 bit-planes selection. That is why, instead of taking 8 bit-planes of a gray-scale image, it is sufficient to take only the first 4 significant bit-planes for the experiment to find the scrambling degree. This 50% reduction in the computational cost makes our scheme efficient.
AB - Watermarking is one of the most effective techniques for copyright protection and information hiding. It can be applied in many fields of our society. Nowadays, some image scrambling schemes are used as one part of the watermarking algorithm to enhance the security. Therefore, how to select an image scrambling scheme and what kind of the image scrambling scheme may be used for watermarking are the key problems. Evaluation method of the image scrambling schemes can be seen as a useful test tool for showing the property or flaw of the image scrambling method. In this paper, a new scrambling evaluation system based on spatial distribution entropy and centroid difference of bit-plane is presented to obtain the scrambling degree of image scrambling schemes. Our scheme is illustrated and justified through computer simulations. The experimental results show (in Figs. 6 and 7) that for the general gray-scale image, the evaluation degree of the corresponding cipher image for the first 4 significant bit-planes selection is nearly the same as that for the 8 bit-planes selection. That is why, instead of taking 8 bit-planes of a gray-scale image, it is sufficient to take only the first 4 significant bit-planes for the experiment to find the scrambling degree. This 50% reduction in the computational cost makes our scheme efficient.
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U2 - 10.1007/978-3-642-18405-5_4
DO - 10.1007/978-3-642-18405-5_4
M3 - Conference contribution
AN - SCOPUS:85036664692
SN - 9783642184048
T3 - Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)
SP - 29
EP - 44
BT - Digital Watermarking - 9th International Workshop, IWDW 2010, Revised Selected Papers
PB - Springer Verlag
ER -