Accommodating flexible daily temporal constraint on a continuous choice model of departure time for urban shopping travel

This paper attempts to propose departure time choice model of travellers for one-day shopping travel based on the consideration of the availability of flexible temporal constraint during noon until evening, namely praying time. The model assumes that travellers decide their departure time to minimize the disutility of shortage stay time at the shopping centre, disutility of lateness home arrival time, and disutility of the flexible daily temporal constraint. It is applied to urban shopping travellers on the basis of their home-shopping, centre-home travel pattern. The model is confirmed by a goodness of fit test. It can be applied to develop a model of travel patterns and chosen in further studies.