Antimicrobial periodontal treatment decreases serum C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, but not adiponectin levels in patients with chronic periodontitis

Background: Elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and decreased plasma adiponectin are associated with increased risk of atherosclerosis. Furthermore, recent observations suggested that adiponectin and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) suppressed each other's production. Since periodontal disease has been suggested to act as a risk factor for atherosclerosis, we examined the effects of antimicrobial periodontal treatment on CRP, adiponectin, and TNF-α levels. Methods: Fifteen chronic periodontitis patients with various systemic conditions at high risk for atherosclerosis were enrolled in the study. Patients were non-surgically treated with topical application of antibiotics and mechanical debridement of calculus once a week for 1 month. Before and after therapy, CRP, adiponectin, and TNF-α levels were measured. Results: Both CRP and TNF-α levels were significantly decreased after treatment (P <0.01 and P <0.03, respectively), while adiponectin levels did not change significantly. Conclusions: Periodontal treatment is effective in reducing CRP and TNF-α, while adiponectin does not appear to be influenced by periodontal treatment. Elevated levels of CRP and TNF-α may be associated with increased risk for future development of atherosclerosis in periodontitis patients.