Assembly and activation of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase: Specific interaction of the N-terminal Src homology 3 domain of p47(phox) with p22(phox) is required for activation of the NADPH oxidase

The phagocyte NADPH oxidase is activated during phagocytosis to produce superoxide, a precursor of microbicidal oxidants. The activation involves assembly of membrane-integrated cytochrome b₅₅₈ comprising gp91(phox) and p22(phox), two specialized cytosolic proteins (p47(phox) and p67(phox)), each containing two Src homology 3 (SH3) domains, and the small G protein Rac. In the present study, we show that the N-terminal SH3 domain of p47(phox) binds to the C-terminal cytoplasmic tail of p22(phox) with high affinity (K(D) = 0.34 μM). The binding is specific to this domain among several SH3 domains including the C-terminal one of p47(phox) and the two of p67(phox) and requires the Pro¹⁵⁶-containing proline-rich sequence but not other putative SH3 domain-binding sites of p22(phox). Replacement of Trp¹⁹³ by Arg in the N-terminal SH3 domain completely abrogates the association with p22(phox). A mutant p47(phox) with this substitution is incapable of supporting superoxide production under cell-free activation conditions. These findings provide direct evidence that the interaction between the N-terminal SH3 domain of p47(phox) and the proline-rich region of p22(phox) is essential for activation of the NADPH oxidase.