TY - JOUR
T1 - CFD analysis of the flow structure in a monkey upper airway validated by PIV experiments
AU - Phuong, Nguyen Lu
AU - Quang, Tran Van
AU - Khoa, Nguyen Dang
AU - Kim, Ji Woong
AU - Ito, Kazuhide
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (JSPS KAKENHI No 17F17078 and No 18H03807 ).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2020/1
Y1 - 2020/1
N2 - Inhalation exposure to airborne contaminants has adverse effects on humans; however, related research is typically conducted using in vivo/in vitro tests on animals. Extrapolating the test results is complicated by anatomical and physiological differences between animals and humans and a lack of understanding of the transport mechanism inside their respective respiratory tracts. This study determined the detailed air-flow structure in the upper airway of a monkey. A steady computational fluid dynamics simulation, which was validated by previous particle image velocimetry measurements, was adopted for flow rates of 4 L/min and 10 L/min to analyze the flow structure from the nasal/oral cavities to the trachea region in a monkey airway model. The low Reynolds number type k–ε model provided a reasonably accurate prediction of the airflow in a monkey upper airway. Furthermore, it was confirmed that large velocity gradients were generated in the nasal vestibule and larynx regions, as well as increased turbulent air kinetic energy and wall sheer stress.
AB - Inhalation exposure to airborne contaminants has adverse effects on humans; however, related research is typically conducted using in vivo/in vitro tests on animals. Extrapolating the test results is complicated by anatomical and physiological differences between animals and humans and a lack of understanding of the transport mechanism inside their respective respiratory tracts. This study determined the detailed air-flow structure in the upper airway of a monkey. A steady computational fluid dynamics simulation, which was validated by previous particle image velocimetry measurements, was adopted for flow rates of 4 L/min and 10 L/min to analyze the flow structure from the nasal/oral cavities to the trachea region in a monkey airway model. The low Reynolds number type k–ε model provided a reasonably accurate prediction of the airflow in a monkey upper airway. Furthermore, it was confirmed that large velocity gradients were generated in the nasal vestibule and larynx regions, as well as increased turbulent air kinetic energy and wall sheer stress.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.resp.2019.103304
DO - 10.1016/j.resp.2019.103304
M3 - Article
C2 - 31546025
AN - SCOPUS:85072609091
SN - 1569-9048
VL - 271
JO - Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology
JF - Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology
M1 - 103304
ER -