Combination use of anti-CD133 antibody and SSA lectin can effectively enrich cells with high tumorigenicity

Glycans exhibit characteristic changes in their structures during development and thus have been used as markers for stem/progenitor cells. However, the glycan structures unique to cancer stem cells (CSC) remain unknown. In the present study, we examined glycan structures in CD133⁺CD13⁺ CSC, which were recently found to have a high CSC ability, by means of a lectin microarray. Seven sialylated glycan-recognizing lectins, MAL-I, SNA, SSA, TJA-I, ACG, ABA and MAH, showed higher affinity to CD133⁺CD13⁺ CSC than CD133⁺ cells with a lower CSC ability. In addition, we demonstrated that CD133⁺SSA⁺ cells isolated from Huh7 cells had a significantly higher ability to form tumors in non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency disease (NOD/SCID) mice and spheres under serum-free conditions than CD133⁺SSA^- cells. These results suggest that hepatic CSC highly express sialylated glycans and that SSA lectin can be used as a tool for isolating CSC. This study is the first report to demonstrate the characteristic glycan structures in CSC and to indicate a new methodology involving lectins for isolating CSC.