Comparison of efficacy between dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor and sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor on metabolic risk factors in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Results from the CANTABILE study

Aims: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of teneligliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, and canagliflozin, a sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, at reducing a composite outcome of three metabolic risk factors (obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia) in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic risks. Methods: In this prospective, multicenter, open-label, randomized, parallel-group comparison study, 162 patients with T2DM and one or more metabolic risk factors were randomized into a teneligliptin or canagliflozin group and treated for 24 weeks. The primary endpoint was the composite percentage of subjects who experienced an improvement in at least one metabolic risk after 24 weeks of treatment. Results: The primary endpoint was achieved significantly by more patients in the canagliflozin group than in the teneligliptin group (62.2% vs. 31.3%, p = 0.0004). A ≥ 3% body weight loss was also achieved by significantly more participants in the canagliflozin group than in the teneligliptin group (55.9% vs. 10.5%, p < 0.0001). Conclusions: This study showed canagliflozin to be more effective at reducing metabolic risks than teneligliptin. In Japanese patients with T2DM and metabolic risk factors, SGLT2 inhibitors may be superior to DPP-4 inhibitors at controlling multiple metabolic risk.