Cyclic and permanent deformation of saturated sand with initial static shear stress during cyclic loading

The purpose of the present paper is to depict the deformation of saturated sand with various magnitudes of initial static shear stress subjected to cyclic shear stresses. The cyclic strength was first discussed, and then residual shear strains and post-cyclic volumetric strains were investigated and related to the effective stress ratio at the end of the stress cycle. Finally, an empirical model was proposed for evaluating the development of pore pressure and residual shear strain. The model successfully explained the behavior of saturated sand subjected to various initial static and subsequent cyclic shear stresses.