Development of a smart surgical robot with bended forceps for infant congenital esophageal atresia surgery

Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is commonly used in pediatric operations. This method greatly benefits patients because of the reduced surgical trauma. To perform such surgery smoothly, doctors must be highly skilled. To reduce operating difficulties, a great deal of research on surgical systems have been carried out. However, in some cases, smaller workspaces limit the application of MIS. For example, the workspace of infant congenital esophageal atresia (ICEA) surgery is only around 30×30×30 mm. Until now, most ICEA surgeries have been manually performed with traditional instruments. This paper presents a smart surgical robot (SSR) for ICEA surgery. The robot is composed of two slave arms, each consisting of a positioning manipulator and a surgical tool manipulator. The positioning manipulator uses a selective compliance assembly robot arm (SCARA) and a screw-pair mechanism to achieve translational movement in 3D space, and the surgical tool manipulator uses a 'double screw drive + universal joint' structure to allow an omni directional bending motion. During surgery, the surgeon first creates the workspace manually to explore the target esophagus. The SSR system is then applied to perform operation. The configuration of the SSR means it can perform tissue manipulation under endoscopic view in a small workspace. Experimental results show that the endoscopic view permits the SSR system to be operated intuitively and accurately in the target workspace.