@article{a65b18d9f6204ee79671cec9f7d5662d,
title = "Direct visualization of the molecular orientation and microstructure of glassy transparent polymers after the scratch test based on optical microscopy and X-ray scattering",
abstract = "The scratch test was conducted for polycarbonate (PC) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) with a load-progressive mode. Changes in the molecular aggregation structure of PC and PMMA induced by the scratch test were investigated based on polarized optical microscopic observation and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurement. The scratching coefficient of friction (SCOF), the ratio of tangential load to normal load, of PC was much larger than that of PMMA. The width and depth of the damage on the scratch path was increased monotonically with the increase in the normal load. Hardness obtained by nanoindentation and microindentation tests were similar to those with SCOF, indicating that compression resistance mainly governs the scratch properties. The polarized optical microscopic images revealed that molecules were oriented from the edge to the center of the scratch path at a certain acute angle for both PC and PMMA. SAXS measurement revealed that microfibrils were formed along the direction of stress for PC.",
author = "Ken Kojio and Tomoko Kajiwara and Saburo Yamamoto and Aya Fujimoto and Kento Fukada and Chigusa Nagano and Shiori Masuda and Cheng, {Chao Hung} and Shuhei Nozaki and Kazutaka Kamitani and Atsushi Takahara",
note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by the Impulsing Paradigm Change through the Disruptive Technology (ImPACT) Program and the Photon and Quantum Basic Research Coordinated Development Program from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan. The part of small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements were performed at BL05XU in SPring-8 with the approval of RIKEN. SAXS measurements also conducted at BL03XU, BL19B2, BL20XU, and BL40XU in the SPring-8 facility with the approval of the Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI; Proposal No. 2015B1023, 2015B1325, 2015B1459, 2016A1012, 2016A1018, 2016A1031, 2016A1406, 2016A1414, 2016B1032, 2016B1034, 2016B1035, 2016B1436, 2016B7261, 2017A1028, 2017A1029, 2017A7210, 2017B1016, 2017B1025, 2017B7262, 2018A7212). We gratefully acknowledge Dr. Taiki Hoshino (RIKEN), Dr. So Fujinami (RIKEN), and Dr. Tomotaka Nakatani (RIKEN), Dr. Hiroyasu Masunaga (JASRI), and Dr. Taizo Kabe (JASRI), for their assistance on the SAXS measurements. Funding Information: This work was supported by the Impulsing Paradigm Change through the Disruptive Technology (ImPACT) Program and the Photon and Quantum Basic Research Coordinated Development Program from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology , Japan. The part of small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements were performed at BL05XU in SPring-8 with the approval of RIKEN. SAXS measurements also conducted at BL03XU, BL19B2, BL20XU, and BL40XU in the SPring-8 facility with the approval of the Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI; Proposal No. 2015B1023 , 2015B1325 , 2015B1459 , 2016A1012 , 2016A1018 , 2016A1031 , 2016A1406 , 2016A1414 , 2016B1032 , 2016B1034 , 2016B1035 , 2016B1436 , 2016B7261 , 2017A1028 , 2017A1029 , 2017A7210 , 2017B1016 , 2017B1025 , 2017B7262 , 2018A7212 ). We gratefully acknowledge Dr. Taiki Hoshino (RIKEN), Dr. So Fujinami (RIKEN), and Dr. Tomotaka Nakatani (RIKEN), Dr. Hiroyasu Masunaga (JASRI), and Dr. Taizo Kabe (JASRI), for their assistance on the SAXS measurements. ",
year = "2019",
month = oct,
day = "24",
doi = "10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121773",
language = "English",
volume = "181",
journal = "Polymer",
issn = "0032-3861",
publisher = "Elsevier BV",
}