Dispersal of chasmogamous and cleistogamous seeds in Viola hondoensis W. Backer et H. Boiss

To test generality of the near-and-far dispersal model proposed by Schoen and Lloyd (1984), we compared dispersal distances of cleistgamous and chasmogamous seeds of Viola hondoensis. Dispersal distance was not significantly different between cleistogamous and chasmogamous seeds, implying that the near-and-far dispersal model cannot apply to V. hondoensis. Alternatively, little pollinator availability in summer and autumn seems to be a major factor favoring facultative cleistogamy in this species.