TY - CHAP
T1 - Epigenetics, Stem Cells, and Cellular Differentiation
AU - Juliandi, Berry
AU - Abematsu, Masahiko
AU - Nakashima, Kinichi
N1 - Funding Information:
We apologize to colleagues whose work, although relevant, we may not have included in this review due to space constraints. We thank our laboratory members for useful discussions on this topic, and Drs. Ian Smith and Siripong Thitamadee for critical reading of the manuscript. We have been supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research in priority areas, the NAIST Global COE Program (Frontier Biosciences: Strategies for Survival and Adaptation in a Changing Global Environment), the Nakajima Foundation, and the Uehara Memorial Foundation.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
PY - 2010/9/17
Y1 - 2010/9/17
N2 - This chapter discusses the progress in the study of epigenetic modifications that regulate stem cell differentiation. Stem cell epigenetic modification reflects the prospect that the new knowledge may enable us to reprogram or modulate the fate of stem cells, using treatments with defined components and at specific time points to alter the epigenetic status of the treated cell and thereby produce a desired cell phenotype. Stem cells respond to a combination of intrinsic programs and extracellular cues from the environment that determines which types of progeny they will produce. The intrinsic program is epigenetic modification, which encompasses DNA methylation, chromatin modification, and non-coding RNA-mediated processes. Epigenetic modifications are temporally regulated and reversible, thereby ensuring that stem cells can generate different types of cell from a fixed DNA sequence. DNA methylation regulates the timing of differentiation and maintenance of cell type identity. The DNA methylation pattern in the genome is established by a family of DNA methyltransferases (DNMT). Maintenance of methylation patterns is achieved by a function of DNMT1 during DNA replication, while new or de novo methylation is primarily catalyzed by DNMT3a and DNMT3b.
AB - This chapter discusses the progress in the study of epigenetic modifications that regulate stem cell differentiation. Stem cell epigenetic modification reflects the prospect that the new knowledge may enable us to reprogram or modulate the fate of stem cells, using treatments with defined components and at specific time points to alter the epigenetic status of the treated cell and thereby produce a desired cell phenotype. Stem cells respond to a combination of intrinsic programs and extracellular cues from the environment that determines which types of progeny they will produce. The intrinsic program is epigenetic modification, which encompasses DNA methylation, chromatin modification, and non-coding RNA-mediated processes. Epigenetic modifications are temporally regulated and reversible, thereby ensuring that stem cells can generate different types of cell from a fixed DNA sequence. DNA methylation regulates the timing of differentiation and maintenance of cell type identity. The DNA methylation pattern in the genome is established by a family of DNA methyltransferases (DNMT). Maintenance of methylation patterns is achieved by a function of DNMT1 during DNA replication, while new or de novo methylation is primarily catalyzed by DNMT3a and DNMT3b.
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U2 - 10.1016/B978-0-12-375709-8.00019-8
DO - 10.1016/B978-0-12-375709-8.00019-8
M3 - Chapter
AN - SCOPUS:84882890299
SN - 9780123757098
SP - 315
EP - 328
BT - Handbook of Epigenetics
PB - Elsevier
ER -