TY - JOUR
T1 - Experimental detection of rotational non-Boltzmann distribution in supersonic free molecular nitrogen flows
AU - Mori, Hideo
AU - Niimi, Tomohide
AU - Akiyama, Isao
AU - Tsuzuki, Takumi
N1 - Funding Information:
The present work was supported by a grant-in-aid for Scientific Research by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology, and the Akasaki Memorial Foundation of Nagoya University. The authors would like to express our gratitude to Carl Dankert at the German Aerospace Center (DLR) for contributing the Langmuir probe used in this study.
PY - 2005
Y1 - 2005
N2 - In the present study, we measure the rotational population in supersonic nitrogen-free jets using a resonantly enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) method [Chem. Phys. Lett. 115, 492 (1985)], which is not influenced by secondary electrons, unlike the electron beam method. Nitrogen ions are detected as a REMPI signal and its spectra, depending on the wavelength of an irradiated laser beam, are analyzed to measure rotational temperature through the Boltzmann plot. Nitrogen gas expands into a vacuum chamber from a sonic nozzle with a D=0.50 mm diameter, setting P0 ·D (where P0 is the source pressure), depending inversely on the nozzle Knudsen number, at 15 Torr mm or lower. For P0·D=15 Torr mm, the rotational temperature distribution along the centerline of the jet, measured by using only the linear portion of the Boltzmann plot lying at smaller rotational quantum numbers, coincides with Marrone's data [Phys. Fluids 10, 521 (1967)] measured by electron beam fluorescence, and the rotational relaxation rate ZR calculated by the relaxation equation results in 1.3. However, the non-Boltzmann rotational distribution appears evidently in supersonic free molecular nitrogen flows for P0 · D ≤15 Torr mm, in good agreement with the simulation results of the combination of the classical trajectory calculation and the direct simulation Monte Carlo method by Koura [Phys. Fluids 14, 1689 (2002)]. As a decrease in P0 ·D, the deviation from the Boltzmann distribution and the partial freezing of the population arise more upstream.
AB - In the present study, we measure the rotational population in supersonic nitrogen-free jets using a resonantly enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) method [Chem. Phys. Lett. 115, 492 (1985)], which is not influenced by secondary electrons, unlike the electron beam method. Nitrogen ions are detected as a REMPI signal and its spectra, depending on the wavelength of an irradiated laser beam, are analyzed to measure rotational temperature through the Boltzmann plot. Nitrogen gas expands into a vacuum chamber from a sonic nozzle with a D=0.50 mm diameter, setting P0 ·D (where P0 is the source pressure), depending inversely on the nozzle Knudsen number, at 15 Torr mm or lower. For P0·D=15 Torr mm, the rotational temperature distribution along the centerline of the jet, measured by using only the linear portion of the Boltzmann plot lying at smaller rotational quantum numbers, coincides with Marrone's data [Phys. Fluids 10, 521 (1967)] measured by electron beam fluorescence, and the rotational relaxation rate ZR calculated by the relaxation equation results in 1.3. However, the non-Boltzmann rotational distribution appears evidently in supersonic free molecular nitrogen flows for P0 · D ≤15 Torr mm, in good agreement with the simulation results of the combination of the classical trajectory calculation and the direct simulation Monte Carlo method by Koura [Phys. Fluids 14, 1689 (2002)]. As a decrease in P0 ·D, the deviation from the Boltzmann distribution and the partial freezing of the population arise more upstream.
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U2 - 10.1063/1.2130752
DO - 10.1063/1.2130752
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:30044443533
VL - 17
SP - 1
EP - 7
JO - Physics of Fluids
JF - Physics of Fluids
SN - 1070-6631
IS - 11
M1 - 117103
ER -