Experimental studies and empirical models for the transient self-leveling behavior in debris bed

Studies on the self-leveling behavior in debris beds are crucial in the assessment of core-disruptive accidents (CDAs) that could occur in sodium-cooled fast reactors (SFRs). To clarify this behavior, a series of experiments have been performed in which nitrogen gas has been percolated uniformly through a particle bed. In these experiments, solid particles and water contained in a rectangular tank simulate respectively fuel debris and coolant. Based on the data obtained, an empirical model was developed to describe the transient variation in the bed inclination angle during the self-leveling process. Good agreement has been obtained between calculated and experimental values. Verification of the model has been confirmed through detailed analysis of the effects of experimental parameters such as particle size, particle density, and gas flow rate. Its applicability to extended conditions was further discussed by performing modeling simulations and comparing results against experimental data obtained from a larger-scale experimental system that employed a conventional boiling method. With further improvements, the model will be tested under more realistic reactor conditions and is expected to benefit future analyses and simulations of CDAs in SFRs.