Extremely low-threshold amplified spontaneous emission of 9,9′-spirobifluorene derivatives and electroluminescence from field-effect transistor structure

Engineering & Materials Science

• Spontaneous emission 100%
• Electroluminescence 96%
• Organic lasers 68%
• Field effect transistors 65%
• Derivatives 50%
• Organic light emitting diodes (OLED) 40%
• Semiconductor lasers 37%
• Energy gap 34%
• Doping (additives) 34%
• Thin films 28%

Physics & Astronomy

• carbazoles 85%
• aeroservoelasticity 84%
• electroluminescence 61%
• spontaneous emission 59%
• field effect transistors 47%
• organic lasers 45%
• thresholds 37%
• light emitting diodes 24%
• semiconductor lasers 23%
• thin films 15%

Chemical Compounds

• Electroluminescence 63%
• Field Effect 60%
• Biphenyl 31%
• Band Gap 23%