Fabrication of large, robust nanomembranes from diverse, cross-linked polymeric materials

The fabrication of robust, free-standing nanomembranes from cross-linked organic macromolecules and development of useful underlayer polymer are discussed. Macroscopically robust, free-standing nanomembranes became available from a variety of densely cross-linked organic polymers. The fabrication procedure is conducted by the solution process under ambient conditions, and precursor materials need to be compatible only with such moderate conditions except for final curing. The mechanical strength of nanomembranes was measured by the bulging test, while the tensile stress and ultimate elongation of the nanomembrane can be measured by applying air pressure to a membrane attached onto a small hole of a metal plate. Young's modulus of these membranes was determined separately by the strain-induced elastic buckling instability for mechanical measurements (SIEBIMM) technique, which utilizes buckling instability.