Abstract
KCipher-2 is a word-oriented stream cipher and an ISO/IEC 18033 standard. It is listed as a CRYPTREC cryptographic algorithm for Japanese governmental use. It consists of two feedback shift registers and a non-linear function. The size of each register in KCipher-2 is 32 bits and the non-linear function mainly applies 32-bit operations. Therefore, it can be efficiently implemented as software. SNOW-family stream ciphers are also word-oriented stream ciphers, and their high performance has already been demonstrated. We propose optimised implementations of KCipher-2 and compare their performance to that of the SNOW-family and other eSTREAM portfolios. The fastest algorithm is SNOW 2.0 and KCipher-2 is the second fastest despite the complicated irregular clocking mechanism. However, KCipher-2 is the fastest of the feasible algorithms, as SNOW 2.0 has been shown to have a security flaw. We also optimise the hardware implementation for the Virtex-5 field-programmable gate array (FPGA) and show two implementations. The first implementation is a rather straightforward optimisation and achieves 16,153 Mbps with 732 slices. In the second implementation, we duplicate the non-linear function using the structural advantage of KCipher-2 and we achieve 17,354 Mbps with 813 slices. Our implementation of KCipher-2 is around three times faster than those of the SNOW-family and efficiency, which is evaluated by "Throughput/Area (Mbps/slice)", is 3.6-times better than that of SNOW2.0 and 8.5-times better than that of SNOW3G. These syntheses are performed using Xilinx ISE version 12.4.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 43-52 |
| Number of pages | 10 |
| Journal | IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems |
| Volume | E97-D |
| Issue number | 1 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - Jan 1 2014 |
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All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Software
- Hardware and Architecture
- Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
- Artificial Intelligence
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Cite this
Fast implementation of Kcipher-2 for software and hardware. / Nakano, Yuto; Fukushima, Kazuhide; Kiyomoto, Shinsaku; Ishiguro, Tsukasa; Miyake, Yutaka; Tanaka, Toshiaki; Sakurai, Kouichi.
In: IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems, Vol. E97-D, No. 1, 01.01.2014, p. 43-52.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Fast implementation of Kcipher-2 for software and hardware
AU - Nakano, Yuto
AU - Fukushima, Kazuhide
AU - Kiyomoto, Shinsaku
AU - Ishiguro, Tsukasa
AU - Miyake, Yutaka
AU - Tanaka, Toshiaki
AU - Sakurai, Kouichi
PY - 2014/1/1
Y1 - 2014/1/1
N2 - KCipher-2 is a word-oriented stream cipher and an ISO/IEC 18033 standard. It is listed as a CRYPTREC cryptographic algorithm for Japanese governmental use. It consists of two feedback shift registers and a non-linear function. The size of each register in KCipher-2 is 32 bits and the non-linear function mainly applies 32-bit operations. Therefore, it can be efficiently implemented as software. SNOW-family stream ciphers are also word-oriented stream ciphers, and their high performance has already been demonstrated. We propose optimised implementations of KCipher-2 and compare their performance to that of the SNOW-family and other eSTREAM portfolios. The fastest algorithm is SNOW 2.0 and KCipher-2 is the second fastest despite the complicated irregular clocking mechanism. However, KCipher-2 is the fastest of the feasible algorithms, as SNOW 2.0 has been shown to have a security flaw. We also optimise the hardware implementation for the Virtex-5 field-programmable gate array (FPGA) and show two implementations. The first implementation is a rather straightforward optimisation and achieves 16,153 Mbps with 732 slices. In the second implementation, we duplicate the non-linear function using the structural advantage of KCipher-2 and we achieve 17,354 Mbps with 813 slices. Our implementation of KCipher-2 is around three times faster than those of the SNOW-family and efficiency, which is evaluated by "Throughput/Area (Mbps/slice)", is 3.6-times better than that of SNOW2.0 and 8.5-times better than that of SNOW3G. These syntheses are performed using Xilinx ISE version 12.4.
AB - KCipher-2 is a word-oriented stream cipher and an ISO/IEC 18033 standard. It is listed as a CRYPTREC cryptographic algorithm for Japanese governmental use. It consists of two feedback shift registers and a non-linear function. The size of each register in KCipher-2 is 32 bits and the non-linear function mainly applies 32-bit operations. Therefore, it can be efficiently implemented as software. SNOW-family stream ciphers are also word-oriented stream ciphers, and their high performance has already been demonstrated. We propose optimised implementations of KCipher-2 and compare their performance to that of the SNOW-family and other eSTREAM portfolios. The fastest algorithm is SNOW 2.0 and KCipher-2 is the second fastest despite the complicated irregular clocking mechanism. However, KCipher-2 is the fastest of the feasible algorithms, as SNOW 2.0 has been shown to have a security flaw. We also optimise the hardware implementation for the Virtex-5 field-programmable gate array (FPGA) and show two implementations. The first implementation is a rather straightforward optimisation and achieves 16,153 Mbps with 732 slices. In the second implementation, we duplicate the non-linear function using the structural advantage of KCipher-2 and we achieve 17,354 Mbps with 813 slices. Our implementation of KCipher-2 is around three times faster than those of the SNOW-family and efficiency, which is evaluated by "Throughput/Area (Mbps/slice)", is 3.6-times better than that of SNOW2.0 and 8.5-times better than that of SNOW3G. These syntheses are performed using Xilinx ISE version 12.4.
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U2 - 10.1587/transinf.E97.D.43
DO - 10.1587/transinf.E97.D.43
M3 - Article
VL - E97-D
SP - 43
EP - 52
JO - IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems
JF - IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems
SN - 0916-8532
IS - 1
ER -