@article{1ad8b22d0ce04fc4bd98e33cf76603b4,
title = "GNSS Observations of Ionospheric Variations During the 21 August 2017 Solar Eclipse",
abstract = "On 21 August 2017, during daytime hours, a total solar eclipse with a narrow ∼160 km wide umbral shadow occurred across the continental United States. Totality was observed from the Oregon coast at ∼9:15 local standard time (LST) (17:20 UT) to the South Carolina coast at ∼13:27 LST (18:47 UT). A dense network of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) receivers was utilized to produce total electron content (TEC) and differential TEC. These data were analyzed for the latitudinal and longitudinal response of the TEC and for the presence of traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) during eclipse passage. A significant TEC depletion, in some cases greater than 60%, was observed associated with the eclipse shadow, exceeding initial model predictions of 35%. Evidence of enhanced large-scale TID activity was detected over the United States prior to and following the large TEC depletion observed near the time of totality. Signatures of enhanced TEC structures were observed over the Rocky Mountain chain during the main period of TEC depletion.",
author = "Coster, {Anthea J.} and Larisa Goncharenko and Zhang, {Shun Rong} and Erickson, {Philip J.} and William Rideout and Juha Vierinen",
note = "Funding Information: GPS TEC data products and access through the Madrigal distributed data system are provided to the community by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology under support from U.S. National Science Foundation grant AGS-1242204. For eclipse activities, MIT staff members were partially supported by NASA grant NNX17AH71G. In addition, Zhang acknowledges NASA LWS funding support (NNX15AB83G), Zhang and Coster acknowledge support from MURI grant ONR15-FOA-0011, and Coster, Zhang, and Goncharenko acknowledge support from ONR N00014-17-1-2186. The authors would like to acknowledge valuable discussions with Hanli Liu and Delores Knipp. Data for the TEC processing are provided from the following organizations: UNAVCO, Scripps Orbit and Permanent Array Center, Institut Geographique National, France, International GNSS Service, The Crustal Dynamics Data Information System (CDDIS), National Geodetic Survey, Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatistica, RAMSAC CORS of Instituto Geogr{\'a}fico Nacional de la Rep{\'u}blica Argentina, Arecibo Observatory, Low-Latitude Ionospheric Sensor Network (LISN), Topcon Positioning Systems, Inc., Canadian High Arctic Ionospheric Network, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Meteorology Administration, Centro di Ricerche Sismologiche, Syst{\`e}me d{\textquoteright}Observation du Niveau des Eaux Littorales (SONEL), RENAG : REseau NAtional GPS permanent, GeoNet (the official source of geological hazard information for New Zealand), GNSS Reference Networks, Finnish Meteorological Institute, and SWEPOS-Sweden.",
year = "2017",
month = dec,
day = "28",
doi = "10.1002/2017GL075774",
language = "English",
volume = "44",
pages = "12,041--12,048",
journal = "Geophysical Research Letters",
issn = "0094-8276",
publisher = "American Geophysical Union",
number = "24",
}