@article{bd174b21429745f584aeafe4699a6d93,
title = "GTF2IRD1 on chromosome 7 is a novel oncogene regulating the tumor-suppressor gene TGFβR2 in colorectal cancer",
abstract = "Chromosome 7q (Ch.7q) is clonally amplified in colorectal cancer (CRC). We aimed to identify oncogenes on Ch.7q that are overexpressed through DNA copy number amplification and determine the biological and clinical significance of these oncogenes in CRC. We identified general transcription factor 2I repeat domain-containing protein 1 (GTF2IRD1) as a potential oncogene using a CRC dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas with a bioinformatics approach. We measured the expression of GTF2IRD1 in 98 patients with CRC using immunohistochemistry and RT-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The biological effects of GTF2IRD1 expression were explored by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Next, we undertook in vitro cell proliferation and cell cycle assays using siGTF2IRD1-transfected CRC cells. We further investigated the oncogenic mechanisms through which GTF2IRD1 promoted CRC progression. Finally, we assessed the clinical significance of GTF2IRD1 expression by RT-qPCR. GTF2IRD1 was overexpressed in tumor cells and liver metastatic lesions. The GSEA revealed a positive correlation between GTF2IRD1 expression and cell cycle progression-related genes. GTF2IRD1 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest in Smad4-mutated CRC. GTF2IRD1 downregulated the expression of the gene encoding transforming growth factor β receptor 2 (TGFβR2), a tumor-suppressor gene in Smad4-mutated CRC. On multivariate analysis, high GTF2IRD1 expression was an independent poor prognostic factor. Clinicopathological analysis showed that GTF2IRD1 expression was positively correlated with liver metastasis. In conclusion, GTF2IRD1 promoted CRC progression by downregulating TGFβR2 and could be a prognostic biomarker on Ch.7q in CRC. GTF2IRD1 could also be a novel oncogene in CRC.",
author = "Sho Nambara and Takaaki Masuda and Yuta Kobayashi and Kuniaki Sato and Taro Tobo and Kensuke Koike and Miwa Noda and Yushi Ogawa and Yohsuke Kuroda and Shuhei Ito and Hidetoshi Eguchi and Keishi Sugimachi and Koshi Mimori",
note = "Funding Information: This study used the super‐computing resource provided by the Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo ( http://sc.hgc.jp/shirokane.html ). We thank M. Oshiumi, M. Utou, K. Oda, M. Kasagi, S. Sakuma, N. Mishima, and T. Kawano for their excellent technical assistance. This work was supported in part by the following grants and foundations: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Grant‐in‐Aid for Science Research (grant nos. JP16K07177, JP16K10543, JP16K19197, JP17K16454, JP17K16521, JP17K10593, and JP17K19608); OITA Cancer Research Foundation; Daiwa Securities Health Foundation; Grant‐in‐Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (grant no. 15H0912); Priority Issue on Post‐K computer (grant nos. hp170227, hp170227, and hp160219); JSPS KAKENHI (grant no. 15H05707); Eli Lilly Japan KK Grant; and the Japanese Foundation for Multidisciplinary Treatment of Cancer. Funding Information: This study used the super-computing resource provided by the Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo (http://sc.hgc.jp/shirokane.html). We thank M. Oshiumi, M. Utou, K. Oda, M. Kasagi, S. Sakuma, N. Mishima, and T. Kawano for their excellent technical assistance. This work was supported in part by the following grants and foundations: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Grant-in-Aid for Science Research (grant nos. JP16K07177, JP16K10543, JP16K19197, JP17K16454, JP17K16521, JP17K10593, and JP17K19608); OITA Cancer Research Foundation; Daiwa Securities Health Foundation; Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (grant no. 15H0912); Priority Issue on Post-K computer (grant nos. hp170227, hp170227, and hp160219); JSPS KAKENHI (grant no. 15H05707); Eli Lilly Japan KK Grant; and the Japanese Foundation for Multidisciplinary Treatment of Cancer. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 The Authors. Cancer Science published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Japanese Cancer Association",
year = "2020",
month = feb,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1111/cas.14248",
language = "English",
volume = "111",
pages = "343--355",
journal = "Cancer Science",
issn = "1347-9032",
publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell",
number = "2",
}