Abstract
The synthesis and photophysical study of a family of cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes are reported. The iridium complexes have two cyclometalated (ĈN) ligands and a single monoanionic, bidentate ancillary ligand (LX), i.e., ĈN2Ir(LX). The ĈN ligands can be any of a wide variety of organometallic ligands. The LX ligands used for this study were all β-diketonates, with the major emphasis placed on acetylacetonate (acac) complexes. The majority of the ĈN2Ir(acac) complexes phosphoresce with high quantum efficiencies (solution quantum yields, 0.1-0.6), and microsecond lifetimes (e.g., 1-14 μs). The strongly allowed phosphorescence in these complexes is the result of significant spin-orbit coupling of the Ir center. The lowest energy (emissive) excited state in these ĈN2Ir(acac) complexes is a mixture of 3MLCT and 3(π-π*) states. By choosing the appropriate ĈN ligand, ĈN2Ir(acac) complexes can be prepared which emit in any color from green to red. Simple, systematic changes in the ĈN ligands, which lead to bathochromic shifts of the free ligands, lead to similar bathochromic shifts in the Ir complexes of the same ligands, consistent with "ĈN2-Ir"-centered emission. Three of the ĈN2Ir(acac) complexes were used as dopants for organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). The three Ir complexes, i.e., bis(2-phenylpyridinato-N,C2′)iridium(acetylacetonate) [ppy2Ir(acac)], bis(2-phenyl benzothiozolato-N,C2′)iridium(acetylacetonate) [bt2Ir(acac)], and bis(2-(2′-benzothienyl)-pyridinato-N,C3′)iridium (acetylacetonate) [btp2Ir(acac)], were doped into the emissive region of multilayer, vapor-deposited OLEDs. The ppy2Ir(acac)-, bt2Ir(acac)-, and btp2Ir(acac)-based OLEDs give green, yellow, and red electroluminescence, respectively, with very similar current-voltage characteristics. The OLEDs give high external quantum efficiencies, ranging from 6 to 12.3%, with the ppy2Ir(acac) giving the highest efficiency (12.3%, 38 lm/W, >50 Cd/A). The btp2Ir(acac)-based device gives saturated red emission with a quantum efficiency of 6.5% and a luminance efficiency of 2.2 lm/W. These C∧N2Ir(acac)-doped OLEDs show some of the highest efficiencies reported for organic light emitting diodes. The high efficiencies result from efficient trapping and radiative relaxation of the singlet and triplet excitons formed in the electroluminescent process.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 4304-4312 |
| Number of pages | 9 |
| Journal | Journal of the American Chemical Society |
| Volume | 123 |
| Issue number | 18 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - Oct 8 2001 |
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All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Catalysis
- Chemistry(all)
- Biochemistry
- Colloid and Surface Chemistry
Cite this
Highly phosphorescent bis-cyclometalated iridium complexes : Synthesis, photophysical characterization, and use in organic light emitting diodes. / Lamansky, S.; Djurovich, P.; Murphy, D.; Abdel-Razzaq, F.; Lee, H. E.; Adachi, Chihaya; Burrows, P. E.; Forrest, S. R.; Thompson, M. E.
In: Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 123, No. 18, 08.10.2001, p. 4304-4312.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Highly phosphorescent bis-cyclometalated iridium complexes
T2 - Synthesis, photophysical characterization, and use in organic light emitting diodes
AU - Lamansky, S.
AU - Djurovich, P.
AU - Murphy, D.
AU - Abdel-Razzaq, F.
AU - Lee, H. E.
AU - Adachi, Chihaya
AU - Burrows, P. E.
AU - Forrest, S. R.
AU - Thompson, M. E.
PY - 2001/10/8
Y1 - 2001/10/8
N2 - The synthesis and photophysical study of a family of cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes are reported. The iridium complexes have two cyclometalated (ĈN) ligands and a single monoanionic, bidentate ancillary ligand (LX), i.e., ĈN2Ir(LX). The ĈN ligands can be any of a wide variety of organometallic ligands. The LX ligands used for this study were all β-diketonates, with the major emphasis placed on acetylacetonate (acac) complexes. The majority of the ĈN2Ir(acac) complexes phosphoresce with high quantum efficiencies (solution quantum yields, 0.1-0.6), and microsecond lifetimes (e.g., 1-14 μs). The strongly allowed phosphorescence in these complexes is the result of significant spin-orbit coupling of the Ir center. The lowest energy (emissive) excited state in these ĈN2Ir(acac) complexes is a mixture of 3MLCT and 3(π-π*) states. By choosing the appropriate ĈN ligand, ĈN2Ir(acac) complexes can be prepared which emit in any color from green to red. Simple, systematic changes in the ĈN ligands, which lead to bathochromic shifts of the free ligands, lead to similar bathochromic shifts in the Ir complexes of the same ligands, consistent with "ĈN2-Ir"-centered emission. Three of the ĈN2Ir(acac) complexes were used as dopants for organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). The three Ir complexes, i.e., bis(2-phenylpyridinato-N,C2′)iridium(acetylacetonate) [ppy2Ir(acac)], bis(2-phenyl benzothiozolato-N,C2′)iridium(acetylacetonate) [bt2Ir(acac)], and bis(2-(2′-benzothienyl)-pyridinato-N,C3′)iridium (acetylacetonate) [btp2Ir(acac)], were doped into the emissive region of multilayer, vapor-deposited OLEDs. The ppy2Ir(acac)-, bt2Ir(acac)-, and btp2Ir(acac)-based OLEDs give green, yellow, and red electroluminescence, respectively, with very similar current-voltage characteristics. The OLEDs give high external quantum efficiencies, ranging from 6 to 12.3%, with the ppy2Ir(acac) giving the highest efficiency (12.3%, 38 lm/W, >50 Cd/A). The btp2Ir(acac)-based device gives saturated red emission with a quantum efficiency of 6.5% and a luminance efficiency of 2.2 lm/W. These C∧N2Ir(acac)-doped OLEDs show some of the highest efficiencies reported for organic light emitting diodes. The high efficiencies result from efficient trapping and radiative relaxation of the singlet and triplet excitons formed in the electroluminescent process.
AB - The synthesis and photophysical study of a family of cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes are reported. The iridium complexes have two cyclometalated (ĈN) ligands and a single monoanionic, bidentate ancillary ligand (LX), i.e., ĈN2Ir(LX). The ĈN ligands can be any of a wide variety of organometallic ligands. The LX ligands used for this study were all β-diketonates, with the major emphasis placed on acetylacetonate (acac) complexes. The majority of the ĈN2Ir(acac) complexes phosphoresce with high quantum efficiencies (solution quantum yields, 0.1-0.6), and microsecond lifetimes (e.g., 1-14 μs). The strongly allowed phosphorescence in these complexes is the result of significant spin-orbit coupling of the Ir center. The lowest energy (emissive) excited state in these ĈN2Ir(acac) complexes is a mixture of 3MLCT and 3(π-π*) states. By choosing the appropriate ĈN ligand, ĈN2Ir(acac) complexes can be prepared which emit in any color from green to red. Simple, systematic changes in the ĈN ligands, which lead to bathochromic shifts of the free ligands, lead to similar bathochromic shifts in the Ir complexes of the same ligands, consistent with "ĈN2-Ir"-centered emission. Three of the ĈN2Ir(acac) complexes were used as dopants for organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). The three Ir complexes, i.e., bis(2-phenylpyridinato-N,C2′)iridium(acetylacetonate) [ppy2Ir(acac)], bis(2-phenyl benzothiozolato-N,C2′)iridium(acetylacetonate) [bt2Ir(acac)], and bis(2-(2′-benzothienyl)-pyridinato-N,C3′)iridium (acetylacetonate) [btp2Ir(acac)], were doped into the emissive region of multilayer, vapor-deposited OLEDs. The ppy2Ir(acac)-, bt2Ir(acac)-, and btp2Ir(acac)-based OLEDs give green, yellow, and red electroluminescence, respectively, with very similar current-voltage characteristics. The OLEDs give high external quantum efficiencies, ranging from 6 to 12.3%, with the ppy2Ir(acac) giving the highest efficiency (12.3%, 38 lm/W, >50 Cd/A). The btp2Ir(acac)-based device gives saturated red emission with a quantum efficiency of 6.5% and a luminance efficiency of 2.2 lm/W. These C∧N2Ir(acac)-doped OLEDs show some of the highest efficiencies reported for organic light emitting diodes. The high efficiencies result from efficient trapping and radiative relaxation of the singlet and triplet excitons formed in the electroluminescent process.
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U2 - 10.1021/ja003693s
DO - 10.1021/ja003693s
M3 - Article
VL - 123
SP - 4304
EP - 4312
JO - Journal of the American Chemical Society
JF - Journal of the American Chemical Society
SN - 0002-7863
IS - 18
ER -