Hypothetical extraction, betweenness centrality, and supply chain complexity

Two frameworks, hypothetical extraction and betweenness centrality analysis, can be used to identify environmentally important sectors in complex supply chains. This study derives an analytic expression for the relationship between hypothetical extraction and betweenness centrality analysis. Second, using the Eora and WIOD, this study analyzes the degree of difference in ‘important’ sectors identified by hypothetical extraction and betweenness centrality analysis. While the results obtained by rank correlation yield similarities, both methods have advantages. This study demonstrates that estimating betweenness centrality is meaningful and less computationally expensive, and can help us to understand the structural positions in the global supply chain network. The hypothetical extraction indicators can be easily computed using the betweenness centrality indicators’ mathematical relationship. We conclude that the implementation of effective CO2-reduction polices through greener global supply chain engagement center around two key sectors, chemical and metal products from China, and their higher betweenness centrality should be strengthened.