Impact of a new deep-learning-based reconstruction algorithm on image quality in ultra-high-resolution CT: clinical observational and phantom studies

Objectives: To demonstrate the effect of an improved deep learning-based reconstruction (DLR) algorithm on Ultra-High-Resolution Computed Tomography (U-HRCT) scanners. Methods: Clinical and phantom studies were conducted. Thirty patients who underwent contrast-enhanced CT examination during the follow-up period were enrolled. Images were reconstructed using improved DLR [termed, New DLR, i.e., Advanced Intelligent Clear-IQ Engine (AiCE) Body Sharp] and conventional DLR (Conv DLR, AiCE Body) algorithms. Two radiologists assessed the overall image quality using a 5-point scale (5 = excellent; 1 = unacceptable). The noise power spectra (NPSs) were calculated to assess the frequency characteristics of the image noise, and the square root of area under the curve (√AUC NPS) between 0.05 and 0.50 cycle/ mm was calculated as an indicator of the image noise. Dunnett’s test was used for statistical analysis of the visual evaluation score, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results: The overall image quality of New DLR was better than that of the Conv DLR (4.2 ± 0.4 and 3.3 ± 0.4, respectively; p < 0.0001). All New DLR images had an overall image quality score above the average or excellent. The √AUC_NPS value of New DLR was lower than that of Conv DLR (13.8 and 14.2, respectively). The median values of reconstruction time required with New DLR and Conv DLR were 5.0 and 7.8 min, respectively. Conclusions: The new DLR algorithm improved the image quality within a practical reconstruction time. Advances in knowledge: The new DLR enables us to choose whether to improve image quality or reduce the dose.