Improvement of organic solar cells by anode buffer omposed of evaporated gold nanoparticles

We here report that evaporated gold islands with mean sizes of 2-3nm can enhance the hole injection at the anode/organic semiconductor in rganic devices. The enhancement was observed only after UV-ozone treatment. It was indicated by elemental analysis that the evaporated gold as partially oxidized by the treatment. The oxidized layer would act as an insulator to increase the work function of the electrode. By inserting a yper-branched polymer, the work function further increased. This method can also be employed in an anode buffer for organic solar cells to mprove the device performance.