Abstract
Horseshoe crab hemolymph coagulation is believed to be triggered by the autocatalytic activation of serine protease zymogen factor C to the active form, -factor C, belonging to the trypsin family, through an active transition state of factor C responding to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), designated factor C*. However, the existence of factor C* is only speculative, and its proteolytic activity has not been validated. In addition, it remains unclear whether the proteolytic cleavage of the Phe737–Ile738 bond (Phe737 site) of factor C required for the conversion to -factor C occurs intramolecularly or intermolecularly between the factor C molecules. Here we show that the Phe737 site of a catalytic Ser-deficient mutant of factor C is LPS-dependently hydrolyzed by a Phe737 site– uncleavable mutant, clearly indicating the existence of the active transition state of factor C without cleavage of the Phe737 site. Moreover, we found the following facts using several mutants of factor C: the autocatalytic cleavage of factor C occurs intermolecularly between factor C* molecules on the LPS surface; factor C* does not exhibit intrinsic chymotryptic activity against the Phe737 site, but it may recognize a three-dimensional structure around the cleavage site; and LPS is required not only to complete the substrate-binding site and oxyanion hole of factor C* by interacting with the N-terminal region but also to allow the Phe737 site to be cleaved by inducing a conformational change around the Phe737 site or by acting as a scaffold to induce specific protein–protein interactions between factor C* molecules.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 11589-11599 |
| Number of pages | 11 |
| Journal | Journal of Biological Chemistry |
| Volume | 293 |
| Issue number | 29 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - Jan 1 2018 |
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All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Biochemistry
- Molecular Biology
- Cell Biology
Cite this
Intermolecular autocatalytic activation of serine protease zymogen factor C through an active transition state responding to lipopolysaccharide. / Shibata, Toshio; Kobayashi, Yuki; Ikeda, Yuto; Kawabata, Shun-Ichiro.
In: Journal of Biological Chemistry, Vol. 293, No. 29, 01.01.2018, p. 11589-11599.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Intermolecular autocatalytic activation of serine protease zymogen factor C through an active transition state responding to lipopolysaccharide
AU - Shibata, Toshio
AU - Kobayashi, Yuki
AU - Ikeda, Yuto
AU - Kawabata, Shun-Ichiro
PY - 2018/1/1
Y1 - 2018/1/1
N2 - Horseshoe crab hemolymph coagulation is believed to be triggered by the autocatalytic activation of serine protease zymogen factor C to the active form, -factor C, belonging to the trypsin family, through an active transition state of factor C responding to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), designated factor C*. However, the existence of factor C* is only speculative, and its proteolytic activity has not been validated. In addition, it remains unclear whether the proteolytic cleavage of the Phe737–Ile738 bond (Phe737 site) of factor C required for the conversion to -factor C occurs intramolecularly or intermolecularly between the factor C molecules. Here we show that the Phe737 site of a catalytic Ser-deficient mutant of factor C is LPS-dependently hydrolyzed by a Phe737 site– uncleavable mutant, clearly indicating the existence of the active transition state of factor C without cleavage of the Phe737 site. Moreover, we found the following facts using several mutants of factor C: the autocatalytic cleavage of factor C occurs intermolecularly between factor C* molecules on the LPS surface; factor C* does not exhibit intrinsic chymotryptic activity against the Phe737 site, but it may recognize a three-dimensional structure around the cleavage site; and LPS is required not only to complete the substrate-binding site and oxyanion hole of factor C* by interacting with the N-terminal region but also to allow the Phe737 site to be cleaved by inducing a conformational change around the Phe737 site or by acting as a scaffold to induce specific protein–protein interactions between factor C* molecules.
AB - Horseshoe crab hemolymph coagulation is believed to be triggered by the autocatalytic activation of serine protease zymogen factor C to the active form, -factor C, belonging to the trypsin family, through an active transition state of factor C responding to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), designated factor C*. However, the existence of factor C* is only speculative, and its proteolytic activity has not been validated. In addition, it remains unclear whether the proteolytic cleavage of the Phe737–Ile738 bond (Phe737 site) of factor C required for the conversion to -factor C occurs intramolecularly or intermolecularly between the factor C molecules. Here we show that the Phe737 site of a catalytic Ser-deficient mutant of factor C is LPS-dependently hydrolyzed by a Phe737 site– uncleavable mutant, clearly indicating the existence of the active transition state of factor C without cleavage of the Phe737 site. Moreover, we found the following facts using several mutants of factor C: the autocatalytic cleavage of factor C occurs intermolecularly between factor C* molecules on the LPS surface; factor C* does not exhibit intrinsic chymotryptic activity against the Phe737 site, but it may recognize a three-dimensional structure around the cleavage site; and LPS is required not only to complete the substrate-binding site and oxyanion hole of factor C* by interacting with the N-terminal region but also to allow the Phe737 site to be cleaved by inducing a conformational change around the Phe737 site or by acting as a scaffold to induce specific protein–protein interactions between factor C* molecules.
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U2 - 10.1074/jbc.RA118.002311
DO - 10.1074/jbc.RA118.002311
M3 - Article
C2 - 29866883
AN - SCOPUS:85050394505
VL - 293
SP - 11589
EP - 11599
JO - Journal of Biological Chemistry
JF - Journal of Biological Chemistry
SN - 0021-9258
IS - 29
ER -