Intestinal absorption of small peptides: a review

Peptides display diverse structural features because of their varied amino acid compositions. The structural diversity often imparts them complex physiological functions, or possible health-beneficial effects. Some small peptides (di-/tripeptides) exert preventive effects against conditions such as hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia and atherosclerosis. Despite their health benefits, a limited understanding of peptide absorption may hinder their extensive application. Therefore, this review briefly introduces the in vitro and in vivo findings on the intestinal absorption of small peptides and potential factors affecting their absorption.