Local Geometry and Electronic Properties of Nickel Nanoparticles Prepared via Thermal Decomposition of Ni-MOF-74

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) provide highly selective catalytic activity because of their porous crystalline structure. There is particular interest in metal nanoparticle-MOF composites (MNP@MOF) that could take advantage of synergistic effects for enhanced catalytic properties. We present an investigation into the local geometry and electronic properties of thermally decomposed Ni-MOF-74 calcined at different temperatures and time durations. Pair distribution function analysis using high-energy X-ray diffraction reveals the formation of fcc-Ni nanoparticles with a mixture of MOF phase in samples heated at 623 K for 12 h. Elevating the calcination temperature and lengthening the time duration assisted complete precipitation of Ni nanoparticles in the MOF matrix. Local structures and valence states were investigated using X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy. Evidence of ligand-to-metal charge transfer and gradual reduction of Ni²⁺ is apparent for those samples heated above 623 K for 12 h. In addition, the Ni lattice was found to be slightly compressed as a result of surface stresses in the nanosized particles or surface ligand environment. Electronic structure investigation using hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows a significant narrowing of the valence band and a decrease in the d-band center (toward the Fermi level) when the heating temperature is increased, thus suggesting promising catalytic properties for NiNP@MOF composite.