@article{f7c0c4ad477642ae834eab985881440d,
title = "Magnetic softness of permalloy granular films produced by co-evaporation",
abstract = "Permalloy granular films were fabricated by co-evaporation. In this paper, MgF2 and CaF2 are used as matrices. The films exhibit good magnetic softness and perpendicular or inplane uniaxial anisotropy that determines high frequency characteristics. The anisotropy is considered to originate from alignment of nanosized granules connected with exchange interaction. Magnetization curves, susceptibility and transmission electron microscopic images support speculation of microscopic granular structure and origin of anisotropy. Very high deposition speed is possible without serious deterioration of magnetic softness. High controllability of anisotropy and high speed deposition are advantageous from the industrial standpoint.",
author = "T. Itoh and Y. Shimada and S. Yoshida and S. Okamoto and O. Kitakami and D. Shindo and Y. Murakami and Yoo, {J. H.}",
note = "Funding Information: Here, it should be stressed that the films have inplane anisotropy also. The easy axis of inplane anisotropy is in the direction vertical to the injection plane including the substrate and two evaporation sources. The magnetization curves of evaporated films in our study reflect these two anisotropies. The curves for Py–CaF and Py–MgF represent typical cases where either perpendicular or inplane anisotropy dominates. It was generally observed that inplane anisotropy overcomes perpendicular anisotropy when the base pressure and the pressure during evaporation are high. This can be attributed to surface mobility of atoms during deposition. If it is high, phase separation of Py and CaF is enhanced and alignment of granules is in more progress. This speculation is supported by the fact that by annealing at 250 C inplane anisotropy is replaced by perpendicular anisotropy.",
year = "2005",
month = oct,
doi = "10.1109/TMAG.2005.854900",
language = "English",
volume = "41",
pages = "3274--3276",
journal = "IEEE Transactions on Magnetics",
issn = "0018-9464",
publisher = "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.",
number = "10",
}