Mitotic centromere-associated kinesin is a novel marker for prognosis and lymph node metastasis in colorectal cancer

Mitotic centromere-associated kinesin (MCAK) is a microtubule depolymerase that is essential for proper kinetochore-microtubule attachment during spindle formation. Overexpression of MCAK has been correlated with aggressive forms of carcinoma, resulting in poor prognosis of colorectal cancer. The purpose of this study was to quantify MCAK expression in malignant and benign colorectal tissues and to determine if MCAK expression levels correlate with clinicopathologic factors and prognosis in colorectal cancer patients. Paired colorectal tissue samples from tumours and the corresponding normal tissues were obtained from 120 patients with colorectal cancer who underwent surgical resection. The real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to analyse mRNA and protein expression status with respect to various clinicopathological factors. MCAK expression was higher in colorectal cancer tissue (P<0.01) than in corresponding normal tissue, and this elevated expression level was markedly associated with factors such as lymph node metastasis (P=0.0023), venous invasion (P=0.019), peritoneal dissemination (P=0.021) and Dukes' classification (P=0.0023). Patients with high MCAK mRNA expression also showed a far poorer survival rate than those with low MCAK mRNA expression (P<0.01). Elevated MCAK expression was an independent predictor of overall survival and lymph node metastasis. These data suggest that MCAK expression may serve as a good marker of prognosis and lymph node metastasis in colorectal cancer.