Multiple equilibrium states appearing in a Venus-like atmospheric general circulation model with three-dimensional solar heating

Multiple equilibrium states in the Venusian atmosphere were investigated using a Venus-like atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) with dayside/nightside heating contrast. Results showed that the superrotation state and slow zonal wind state can exist for identical external parameters. Thermal tides appeared because of the heating contrast. They redistribute the zonal momentum and reduce the zonal jet thickness. Rossby-type waves are found in addition to thermal tides in the case of a super-rotation type state.