TY - JOUR
T1 - Muscle activity and physiological responses during running in water and on dry land at submaximal and maximal efforts
AU - Masumoto, Kenji
AU - Mefferd, Kyle C.
AU - Iyo, Riley
AU - Mercer, John A.
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (Grant No. 24700758). The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose. The results of this study do not constitute endorsement of the product by the authors or the National Strength and Conditioning Association (NSCA).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 National Strength and Conditioning Association.
Copyright:
Copyright 2019 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2018
Y1 - 2018
N2 - We investigated muscle activity, oxygen uptake, heart rate, and rating of perceived exertion during running in water and on dry land at submaximal and maximal efforts. Eleven recreational runners performed deepwater running (DWR) and treadmill running (TMR) graded exercise tests on separate days. On the third-test day, the subjects exercised at their 60, 80, and 100% of maximal oxygen uptake (VO 2 max) by matching specific stride frequencies or running speeds. VO 2 max, maximal heart rate (HRmax), and rating of perceived exertion at maximal effort (RPEmax) were measured. Furthermore, muscle activity from the rectus femoris, biceps femoris, tibialis anterior, and gastrocnemius were measured. VO 2 max (DWR: 48.9 ± 5.7 ml·kg -1 ·min -1 ; TMR: 59.2 ± 5.6 ml·kg -1 ·min -1 ; p < 0.001) and HRmax (DWR: 174.1 ± 9.6 beats·min -1 ; TMR: 191.2 ± 6.9 beats·min -1 ; p < 0.001) were each lower during DWR vs. TMR. In addition, RPEmax was not significantly different between DWR and TMR (DWR: 17.8 ± 1.9; TMR: 18.4 ± 1.3; p > 0.05). Furthermore, muscle activity from all tested muscles was not influenced by the interaction of mode and intensity (p > 0.05). Muscle activity from all tested muscles was different between modes (p < 0.05) and between intensities (p < 0.001). Specifically, muscle activity from the tested muscles during DWR was 29-69% lower than that of TMR at maximal effort. Athletes and coaches should consider that the exercise intensity during DWR can be overestimated, if exercise prescription was made according to the maximal responses during TMR.
AB - We investigated muscle activity, oxygen uptake, heart rate, and rating of perceived exertion during running in water and on dry land at submaximal and maximal efforts. Eleven recreational runners performed deepwater running (DWR) and treadmill running (TMR) graded exercise tests on separate days. On the third-test day, the subjects exercised at their 60, 80, and 100% of maximal oxygen uptake (VO 2 max) by matching specific stride frequencies or running speeds. VO 2 max, maximal heart rate (HRmax), and rating of perceived exertion at maximal effort (RPEmax) were measured. Furthermore, muscle activity from the rectus femoris, biceps femoris, tibialis anterior, and gastrocnemius were measured. VO 2 max (DWR: 48.9 ± 5.7 ml·kg -1 ·min -1 ; TMR: 59.2 ± 5.6 ml·kg -1 ·min -1 ; p < 0.001) and HRmax (DWR: 174.1 ± 9.6 beats·min -1 ; TMR: 191.2 ± 6.9 beats·min -1 ; p < 0.001) were each lower during DWR vs. TMR. In addition, RPEmax was not significantly different between DWR and TMR (DWR: 17.8 ± 1.9; TMR: 18.4 ± 1.3; p > 0.05). Furthermore, muscle activity from all tested muscles was not influenced by the interaction of mode and intensity (p > 0.05). Muscle activity from all tested muscles was different between modes (p < 0.05) and between intensities (p < 0.001). Specifically, muscle activity from the tested muscles during DWR was 29-69% lower than that of TMR at maximal effort. Athletes and coaches should consider that the exercise intensity during DWR can be overestimated, if exercise prescription was made according to the maximal responses during TMR.
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U2 - 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002107
DO - 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002107
M3 - Article
C2 - 28682935
AN - SCOPUS:85055611289
VL - 32
SP - 1960
EP - 1967
JO - Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
JF - Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
SN - 1064-8011
IS - 7
ER -