TY - JOUR
T1 - Neuronal 'On' and 'Off' signals control microglia
AU - Biber, Knut
AU - Neumann, Harald
AU - Inoue, Kazuhide
AU - Boddeke, Hendrikus W.G.M.
N1 - Funding Information:
The group of H.N. is supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB 704), the Hertie Foundation, the Rose Foundation, the DANA Foundation and the European Union (LSHM-CT-2005–018637). The work of K.B. is supported by the Nederlandse Wetenschapps Organisatie (NWO)-Vidi grant, Stichting Vriende MS Research and Behavioral Cognitive Neurosciences (BCN) Neuroscience Graduate School. The authors would like to thank Jo Etzel (University Medical Center Groningen) for critical reading and suggestions.
PY - 2007/11
Y1 - 2007/11
N2 - Recent findings indicate that neurons are not merely passive targets of microglia but rather control microglial activity. The variety of different signals that neurons use to control microglia can be divided into two categories: 'Off' signals constitutively keep microglia in their resting state and antagonize proinflammatory activity. 'On' signals are inducible and include purines, chemokines, glutamate. They instruct microglia activation under pathological conditions towards a beneficial or detrimental phenotype. Various neuronal signaling molecules thus actively control microglia function, thereby contribute to the inflammatory milieu of the central nervous system. Thus, neurons should be envisaged as key immune modulators in the brain.
AB - Recent findings indicate that neurons are not merely passive targets of microglia but rather control microglial activity. The variety of different signals that neurons use to control microglia can be divided into two categories: 'Off' signals constitutively keep microglia in their resting state and antagonize proinflammatory activity. 'On' signals are inducible and include purines, chemokines, glutamate. They instruct microglia activation under pathological conditions towards a beneficial or detrimental phenotype. Various neuronal signaling molecules thus actively control microglia function, thereby contribute to the inflammatory milieu of the central nervous system. Thus, neurons should be envisaged as key immune modulators in the brain.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.tins.2007.08.007
DO - 10.1016/j.tins.2007.08.007
M3 - Review article
C2 - 17950926
AN - SCOPUS:35748939409
VL - 30
SP - 596
EP - 602
JO - Trends in Neurosciences
JF - Trends in Neurosciences
SN - 0378-5912
IS - 11
ER -