TY - JOUR
T1 - Observations and simulations of midlatitude ionospheric and thermospheric response to the January 2013 stratospheric sudden warming event
AU - Wu, Qian
AU - Maute, A.
AU - Yudin, V.
AU - Goncharenko, L.
AU - Noto, J.
AU - Kerr, R.
AU - Jacobi, Christoph
N1 - Funding Information:
The work by Q.W. was supported by NASA grants NNX13AF93G, NNX07AB76G, NNX09AG64G, NNX14AD84G, and NNX15AK75G and NSF grants AGS-0334595, AGS-0640745, and AGS-1339918. The work is also supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research grant FA9550-13-1-0174. A.M. was supported by NASA grant NNX13AF77G. V.Y. was supported by NSF grant AGS-1343031, NASA grant NNH13ZDA001N-GCR, and NOAA grant NWS-2015-2004117. We would like to acknowledge high-performance computing support from Yellowstone (ark:/85065/d7wd3xhc) provided by NCAR's Computational and Information Systems Laboratory, sponsored by the National Science Foundation. NCAR is supported by the National Science Foundation. The data used in this paper are available upon request.
Publisher Copyright:
©2016. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
PY - 2016/9/1
Y1 - 2016/9/1
N2 - Using observations from midlatitudes, we examine the ionospheric and thermospheric responses to the 2013 stratospheric sudden warming event by comparing data with four simulations performed by the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model eXtended (WACCM-X), Thermosphere-Ionosphere Mesosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIMEGCM), and Thermosphere-Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIEGCM). The WACCM-X simulation was nudged by the GEOS-5 data. The two TIMEGCM simulations were nudged by the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications data and by the aforementioned WACCM-X outputs, respectively. The standard TIEGCM simulation was also performed. These four simulations were compared with Millstone Hill (42.6°N, 71.4°W) incoherent scatter radar data, Millstone Hill and Boulder (40.1°N, 105.2°W) upper and lower thermospheric wind data. The meteor radar data from Collm (51.3°N, 13°E) were also used to examine the zonal wave number of the semidiurnal tide (SD). We evaluate the model simulations of the mesospheric and thermospheric responses to the 2013 SSW. The TIMEGCM simulation nudged with the WACCM-X output has suitable stratospheric input and ionospheric dynamics and can reproduce a sharp rise of hmf2 on January 12 observed by the Millstone Hill radar. The comparison of different models with the lower thermospheric SD tide yielded mixed results. The SD tide maintained mostly as a migrating tide for most of the time and matched the TIEGCM simulation very well. The WACCM-X appeared to perform better when the observed SD tide displays the large phase shift. It also has larger and more variable SD tide amplitude. The two TIMEGCM simulations have smaller SD amplitudes in general. Observations showed complex SD tide patterns after 20 January, which was difficult to characterize as a migrating tidal mode.
AB - Using observations from midlatitudes, we examine the ionospheric and thermospheric responses to the 2013 stratospheric sudden warming event by comparing data with four simulations performed by the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model eXtended (WACCM-X), Thermosphere-Ionosphere Mesosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIMEGCM), and Thermosphere-Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIEGCM). The WACCM-X simulation was nudged by the GEOS-5 data. The two TIMEGCM simulations were nudged by the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications data and by the aforementioned WACCM-X outputs, respectively. The standard TIEGCM simulation was also performed. These four simulations were compared with Millstone Hill (42.6°N, 71.4°W) incoherent scatter radar data, Millstone Hill and Boulder (40.1°N, 105.2°W) upper and lower thermospheric wind data. The meteor radar data from Collm (51.3°N, 13°E) were also used to examine the zonal wave number of the semidiurnal tide (SD). We evaluate the model simulations of the mesospheric and thermospheric responses to the 2013 SSW. The TIMEGCM simulation nudged with the WACCM-X output has suitable stratospheric input and ionospheric dynamics and can reproduce a sharp rise of hmf2 on January 12 observed by the Millstone Hill radar. The comparison of different models with the lower thermospheric SD tide yielded mixed results. The SD tide maintained mostly as a migrating tide for most of the time and matched the TIEGCM simulation very well. The WACCM-X appeared to perform better when the observed SD tide displays the large phase shift. It also has larger and more variable SD tide amplitude. The two TIMEGCM simulations have smaller SD amplitudes in general. Observations showed complex SD tide patterns after 20 January, which was difficult to characterize as a migrating tidal mode.
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U2 - 10.1002/2016JA023043
DO - 10.1002/2016JA023043
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84987850983
VL - 121
SP - 8995
EP - 9011
JO - Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
JF - Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
SN - 2169-9380
IS - 9
ER -