TY - JOUR
T1 - Optical damage assessment and recovery investigation of hydrogen-ion and deuterium-ion plasma-irradiated bulk ZnO single crystals
AU - Empizo, Melvin John F.
AU - Yamanoi, Kohei
AU - Mori, Kazuyuki
AU - Iwano, Keisuke
AU - Iwasa, Yuki
AU - Minami, Yuki
AU - Arita, Ren
AU - Fukuda, Kazuhito
AU - Takano, Keisuke
AU - Shimizu, Toshihiko
AU - Nakajima, Makoto
AU - Yoshimura, Masashi
AU - Sarukura, Nobuhiko
AU - Norimatsu, Takayoshi
AU - Hangyo, Masanori
AU - Azechi, Hiroshi
AU - Fukuda, Tsuguo
AU - Singidas, Bess G.
AU - Sarmago, Roland V.
AU - Oya, Makoto
AU - Ueda, Yoshio
PY - 2017/5/7
Y1 - 2017/5/7
N2 - In realizing zinc oxide (ZnO) scintillator applications, we assess the optical damage and investigate the recovery of hydrogen-ion (H-ion) and deuterium-ion (D-ion) plasma-irradiated bulk ZnO single crystals. Hydrothermal-grown bulk crystals are irradiated with H-ion and D-ion beams with 1 keV energy and ∼ 10 20 m − 2 s − 1 flux. After irradiation, the single crystals exhibit decreased visible transparencies, redshifted ultraviolet (UV) emission peaks, shortened UV emission lifetimes, and suppressed visible emission bands. These changes in the optical transmittances and photoluminescence emissions are attributed to the generation of defects during irradiation and to the interaction of hydrogen with other defects and/or impurities. Although modified by ion irradiation, the optical properties of the ZnO crystals, except for the UV emission lifetimes, recover hours after without any sample treatment and only at room temperature. Compared with the H-ion-irradiated sample, the D-ion-irradiated crystal has a slower recovery which may be related to the ions' masses, energy losses, and absolute diffusivities. Our results nevertheless show that bulk ZnO single crystals exhibit resistance to and recovery from H-ion and D-ion irradiation and can therefore be used as scintillator materials for radiation detectors inside future fusion reactors.
AB - In realizing zinc oxide (ZnO) scintillator applications, we assess the optical damage and investigate the recovery of hydrogen-ion (H-ion) and deuterium-ion (D-ion) plasma-irradiated bulk ZnO single crystals. Hydrothermal-grown bulk crystals are irradiated with H-ion and D-ion beams with 1 keV energy and ∼ 10 20 m − 2 s − 1 flux. After irradiation, the single crystals exhibit decreased visible transparencies, redshifted ultraviolet (UV) emission peaks, shortened UV emission lifetimes, and suppressed visible emission bands. These changes in the optical transmittances and photoluminescence emissions are attributed to the generation of defects during irradiation and to the interaction of hydrogen with other defects and/or impurities. Although modified by ion irradiation, the optical properties of the ZnO crystals, except for the UV emission lifetimes, recover hours after without any sample treatment and only at room temperature. Compared with the H-ion-irradiated sample, the D-ion-irradiated crystal has a slower recovery which may be related to the ions' masses, energy losses, and absolute diffusivities. Our results nevertheless show that bulk ZnO single crystals exhibit resistance to and recovery from H-ion and D-ion irradiation and can therefore be used as scintillator materials for radiation detectors inside future fusion reactors.
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U2 - 10.1063/1.4982346
DO - 10.1063/1.4982346
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85018730739
VL - 121
JO - Journal of Applied Physics
JF - Journal of Applied Physics
SN - 0021-8979
IS - 17
M1 - 175102
ER -