Parameterization of fragmentation gross section for proton-induced spallation reaction

The authors study the systematics of the fragmentation reaction for incident proton energies up to 3 GeV. The mass yields of the reaction are successfully described by the liquid-gas phase transition model assuming reasonable values of the nuclear temperature. For representing the kinetic energy spectra, a double integral formula considering the effects of the Coulomb barrier and the fragment excitation energy is confirmed to be usable. Another formula with a simpler form is introduced for reproducing the energy spectra. A formula utilizes five adjustable parameters, and the authors construct empirical expressions to determine them. The nuclear temperature common to both kinetic energy spectra and mass yields of the fragments is found to be useful for describing the fragmentation phenomena. The present systematics are suited for being incorporated as a subroutine set into the High Energy Transport Code.