Preface

Why do we need to conserve biodiversity? How can we effectively conserve so as not to lose it? Humans benefit from ecosystem services, both directly and indirectly. Likewise, economic activities are based on these services. However, ecosystems cannot provide services as they used to do when they have been changed due to the great impacts of human and economic activities. The direct drivers of change include habitat change, climate change, invasive alien species, over-exploitation, and pollution, backed by indirect factors such as population change, change in economic activities, socio-political factors, cultural factors, and technological change. In brief, ecosystem degradation is considered to be an economic problem.