TY - JOUR
T1 - Presence and origin of large amounts of d-proline in the urine of mutant mice lacking d-amino acid oxidase activity
AU - Hamase, Kenji
AU - Takagi, Sayaka
AU - Morikawa, Akiko
AU - Konno, Ryuichi
AU - Niwa, Akira
AU - Zaitsu, Kiyoshi
N1 - Funding Information:
Acknowledgements The authors thank Drs. Mizutani, Ozaki and Oowada, RIKEN, for the collection of urine from the germ-free and gnotobiotic ddY/DAO− mice. This work was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan, Takeda Science Foundation, and Industrial Technology Research Grant Program in ’05 from New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) of Japan.
Copyright:
Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2006/10
Y1 - 2006/10
N2 - Using a column-switching HPLC system combining a micro-ODS column and a chiral column, the amounts of d-proline (d-Pro) have been determined in 18 tissues, plasma and urine of mice. To avoid the enzymatic degradation of d-amino acids in vivo, a mutant mouse strain lacking d-amino acid oxidase activity (ddY/DAO- mouse) was used. In the brain, relatively large amounts of d-Pro were observed in the anterior pituitary, posterior pituitary and pineal glands. In the peripheral tissues, the amounts of d-Pro were high in the pancreas and kidney. Above all, it is surprising that the ddY/DAO - mice excreted large amounts of d-Pro in their urine (433 nmol/mL, 20 times that of l-Pro). The origin of d-Pro has also been investigated. By comparing germ-free mice and gnotobiotic mice, intestinal bacteria were shown to have no effect on the urinary d-Pro amount. Concerning the dietary origin, a notable amount of d-Pro was still excreted in the urine after starvation for 4 days, suggesting that some of the d-Pro is produced in the mice. Age-dependent changes in the urinary d-Pro amount have also been investigated from the postnatal 1st month up to 12 months, and ddY/DAO- mice were found to excrete large amounts of d-Pro in the urine constantly throughout their lives.
AB - Using a column-switching HPLC system combining a micro-ODS column and a chiral column, the amounts of d-proline (d-Pro) have been determined in 18 tissues, plasma and urine of mice. To avoid the enzymatic degradation of d-amino acids in vivo, a mutant mouse strain lacking d-amino acid oxidase activity (ddY/DAO- mouse) was used. In the brain, relatively large amounts of d-Pro were observed in the anterior pituitary, posterior pituitary and pineal glands. In the peripheral tissues, the amounts of d-Pro were high in the pancreas and kidney. Above all, it is surprising that the ddY/DAO - mice excreted large amounts of d-Pro in their urine (433 nmol/mL, 20 times that of l-Pro). The origin of d-Pro has also been investigated. By comparing germ-free mice and gnotobiotic mice, intestinal bacteria were shown to have no effect on the urinary d-Pro amount. Concerning the dietary origin, a notable amount of d-Pro was still excreted in the urine after starvation for 4 days, suggesting that some of the d-Pro is produced in the mice. Age-dependent changes in the urinary d-Pro amount have also been investigated from the postnatal 1st month up to 12 months, and ddY/DAO- mice were found to excrete large amounts of d-Pro in the urine constantly throughout their lives.
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U2 - 10.1007/s00216-006-0594-z
DO - 10.1007/s00216-006-0594-z
M3 - Article
C2 - 16924383
AN - SCOPUS:33749014389
VL - 386
SP - 705
EP - 711
JO - Fresenius Zeitschrift fur Analytische Chemie
JF - Fresenius Zeitschrift fur Analytische Chemie
SN - 0016-1152
IS - 3
ER -