Progress in organic nrnltilayer electroluminescent devices

Survay of dye materials for the emission layer in the multilayer organic electroluminescent (EL) device is discussed in terms of emission color and fluorescent efficiency. Organic semiconductors for the electron or the hole transport layer in the EL device are proposed for preparing stable homogeneous thin layer. Requirement of accomplishing the confinement of the singlet excitons generated by the recombinations of injected electrons and holes is discussed by using three layer EL devices with extremely thin bimolecular emission layer. Then the emphasis is laid on the size effects in three layer EL device with double heterojunctions on the spontaneous emission. Variations of the intensity and pattern of outer emission through semitransparent ITO glass substrate with the spacing between the emission layer and the metallic electrode are discussed theoretically and experimentally. And variation of the fluorescent lifetime or the radiative decay rate with the spacing is also discussed theoretically and experimentally.