Quantitative evaluation of bone-resorptive lesion volume in osteonecrosis of the femoral head using micro-computed tomography

Objectives To quantify the volume of bone-resorptive lesions in post-collapse osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and assess their characteristics in post-collapse ONFH. Methods We investigated 35 femoral heads resected from 35 patients with ONFH (20 men and 15 women; mean age, 47.2 years). On each of seven coronal high-resolution micro-CT slices of the femoral head, the bone-resorptive areas were extracted using bone microstructure measurement software. Next, the total bone-resorptive volume ratio, defined as the ratio of all bone-resorptive cross-sectional areas to all femoral head cross-sectional areas in all seven slices, was calculated. Associations between total bone-resorptive volume ratio and sex, age, ONFH-associated factors, patient workload levels, ONFH stage, ONFH type, necrotic volume on magnetic resonance imaging, and duration from the onset of pain to surgery were analyzed. Lesion location and the association between bone-resorptive lesion and collapse were also evaluated. Results The mean total bone-resorptive volume ratio was 7.0 ± 6.0%, which varied significantly by ONFH stage (ARCO collapse quantitation 3A, 3.5 ± 2.1%; 3B, 6.8 ± 3.0%; and 3 C, 13.6 ± 8.8%). ONFH stage was independently associated with total bone-resorptive volume ratio (P < 0.05). Furthermore, high bone-resorptive volume ratios were found in the anterior femoral head and were associated with collapse. Conclusions This study demonstrated that bone-resorptive volume in post-collapse ONFH was significantly associated with the disease stage, which was more widespread in the anterior portion of the femoral head than in the posterior portion.