Relationship between serum lipid concentrations and impaired renal function in patients with chronic kidney disease: the Fukuoka Kidney Disease Registry Study

Background: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a higher risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Dyslipidemia has been established as a risk factor for ASCVD. In the present study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of dyslipidemia at each stage of CKD. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among 4476 patients registered in the Fukuoka Kidney Disease Registry Study, a Japanese prospective cohort study in patients with non-dialysis-dependent CKD. Outcomes were the prevalence of hyper-low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterolemia, hyper-non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) cholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypo-high-density lipoprotein (hypo-HDL) cholesterolemia at each stage of CKD. We analyzed the relationships between CKD stage and the prevalence of dyslipidemia using logistic regression models. Results: Patients in the advanced stages of CKD were more likely to have hypertriglyceridemia [OR 2.16 (95% CI 1.03–4.56), OR 2.24 (95% CI 1.04–4.84), OR 2.62 (95% CI 1.19–5.78), and OR 2.47 (95% CI 1.04–5.88) for CKD stages G3a, G3b, G4, and G5, respectively] and hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia [OR 2.66 (95% CI 1.21–5.82), OR 3.10 (95% CI 1.38–6.95), OR 2.86 (95% CI 1.25–6.53), and OR 3.30 (95% CI 1.35–8.10) for CKD stages G3a, G3b, G4, and G5, respectively] as compared with patients in CKD stage G1. The prevalence of hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia and hyper-non-HDL-cholesterolemia was not related to CKD stage. Conclusion: Patients with advanced CKD stages are more likely to have hypertriglyceridemia and hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia than those in early stages. This type of lipid profile may represent a risk factor for ASCVD in patients with CKD.