Abstract
In the central nervous system, β-alanine is thought to act as an inhibitory neurotransmitter, but the role or precise mechanism of β-alanine in the brain has not been clearly defined. β-Alanine is found in high levels in the chicken brain as a component of the dipeptides carnosine (β-alanyl-l-histidine) and anserine, or as a free amino acid. We focused on the position of β-alanine, i.e., at the carboxyl terminus. In Experiment 1, the central effects of glycyl-β-alanine, l-histidyl-β-alanine and l-valyl-β-alanine were compared with a saline control in chicks. l-Histidyl-β-alanine significantly induced sedative and hypnotic effects. In Experiment 2, the effects of carnosine, its reverse (l-histidyl-β-alanine), and their combination were investigated. Central carnosine-induced hyperactivity while reverse carnosine-induced hypoactivity, and the behaviors were intermediate following the combination of the two peptides. Finally, the central effect of reverse carnosine was compared with β-alanine alone and l-seryl-β-alanine in Experiment 3. Reverse carnosine showed similar effects to β-alanine. In conclusion, l-histidyl-β-alanine not only has the reverse structure of carnosine, but also reverse function. Thus, we propose to name reverse carnosine (l-histidyl-β-alanine) rev-carnosine.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 1065-1069 |
| Number of pages | 5 |
| Journal | Life Sciences |
| Volume | 82 |
| Issue number | 21-22 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - May 23 2008 |
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All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all)
- Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics(all)
Cite this
Reverse structure of carnosine-induced sedative and hypnotic effects in the chick under acute stress. / Tsuneyoshi, Yousuke; Yamane, Haruka; Tomonaga, Shozo; Morishita, Koji; Denbow, D. Michael; Furuse, Mitsuhiro.
In: Life Sciences, Vol. 82, No. 21-22, 23.05.2008, p. 1065-1069.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Reverse structure of carnosine-induced sedative and hypnotic effects in the chick under acute stress
AU - Tsuneyoshi, Yousuke
AU - Yamane, Haruka
AU - Tomonaga, Shozo
AU - Morishita, Koji
AU - Denbow, D. Michael
AU - Furuse, Mitsuhiro
PY - 2008/5/23
Y1 - 2008/5/23
N2 - In the central nervous system, β-alanine is thought to act as an inhibitory neurotransmitter, but the role or precise mechanism of β-alanine in the brain has not been clearly defined. β-Alanine is found in high levels in the chicken brain as a component of the dipeptides carnosine (β-alanyl-l-histidine) and anserine, or as a free amino acid. We focused on the position of β-alanine, i.e., at the carboxyl terminus. In Experiment 1, the central effects of glycyl-β-alanine, l-histidyl-β-alanine and l-valyl-β-alanine were compared with a saline control in chicks. l-Histidyl-β-alanine significantly induced sedative and hypnotic effects. In Experiment 2, the effects of carnosine, its reverse (l-histidyl-β-alanine), and their combination were investigated. Central carnosine-induced hyperactivity while reverse carnosine-induced hypoactivity, and the behaviors were intermediate following the combination of the two peptides. Finally, the central effect of reverse carnosine was compared with β-alanine alone and l-seryl-β-alanine in Experiment 3. Reverse carnosine showed similar effects to β-alanine. In conclusion, l-histidyl-β-alanine not only has the reverse structure of carnosine, but also reverse function. Thus, we propose to name reverse carnosine (l-histidyl-β-alanine) rev-carnosine.
AB - In the central nervous system, β-alanine is thought to act as an inhibitory neurotransmitter, but the role or precise mechanism of β-alanine in the brain has not been clearly defined. β-Alanine is found in high levels in the chicken brain as a component of the dipeptides carnosine (β-alanyl-l-histidine) and anserine, or as a free amino acid. We focused on the position of β-alanine, i.e., at the carboxyl terminus. In Experiment 1, the central effects of glycyl-β-alanine, l-histidyl-β-alanine and l-valyl-β-alanine were compared with a saline control in chicks. l-Histidyl-β-alanine significantly induced sedative and hypnotic effects. In Experiment 2, the effects of carnosine, its reverse (l-histidyl-β-alanine), and their combination were investigated. Central carnosine-induced hyperactivity while reverse carnosine-induced hypoactivity, and the behaviors were intermediate following the combination of the two peptides. Finally, the central effect of reverse carnosine was compared with β-alanine alone and l-seryl-β-alanine in Experiment 3. Reverse carnosine showed similar effects to β-alanine. In conclusion, l-histidyl-β-alanine not only has the reverse structure of carnosine, but also reverse function. Thus, we propose to name reverse carnosine (l-histidyl-β-alanine) rev-carnosine.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=43049089123&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=43049089123&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.lfs.2008.03.015
DO - 10.1016/j.lfs.2008.03.015
M3 - Article
C2 - 18448126
AN - SCOPUS:43049089123
VL - 82
SP - 1065
EP - 1069
JO - Life Sciences
JF - Life Sciences
SN - 0024-3205
IS - 21-22
ER -