Robust Subsurface Monitoring Using a Continuous and Controlled Seismic Source

Monitoring injected CO₂ is a crucial problem for reliable operation of carbon dioxide capture and storage projects. Since monitoring interval of existing seismic monitoring is limited, identifying sudden change in CO₂ storage sites is difficult. To improve temporal resolution and repeatability, we applied seismic monitoring using a continuous and controlled source, referred to as the ACROSS. In particular, we monitored shallow subsurface through surface-wave analysis to investigate the feasibility of ACROSS-based monitoring for identifying CO₂ leakage. High accuracy and temporal resolution in our monitoring results indicated the potential to identify change in surface waves associated with CO₂ leakage.