Roles of prostaglandins and leukotrienes in acute inflammation caused by bacterial infection

Prostanoids, including prostaglandins and thromboxanes, are generated by the phospholipase A₂/cyclooxygenase pathway, and leukotrienes are generated by the 5-lipoxygenase pathway from arachidonic acid. At physiological concentrations, vasodilator prostaglandins enhance the vascular permeability effects of histamine and bradykinin, and leukotrienes are important mediators of leukocyte accumulation during acute inflammation. On the other hand, prostaglandin metabolites such as cyclopentenone prostaglandins contribute to the resolution of acute inflammation through inhibition of nuclear factor-κB activation. Thus, arachidonic acid oxygenation products mediate diverse effects that induce and resolve acute inflammation caused by bacterial infection.