TY - JOUR
T1 - Smoking history, alcohol consumption, sports activity and the risk of developing systemic lupus erythematosus in a Japanese population
AU - Nakano, Teruaki
AU - Washio, Masakazu
AU - Kiyohara, Chikako
AU - Tsukamoto, Hiroshi
AU - Sawabe, Takuya
AU - Nishizaka, Hiroaki
AU - Horiuchi, Takahiko
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Intractable Diseases from the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (Yutaka Inaba 2002-2004, Masaki Nagai 2004-2010, Chief of Research Committee on Epidemiology of Intractable Diseases, Takahiko Horiuchi 2010-2012, Chief of Research Committee on TRAPS).
PY - 2017/10/1
Y1 - 2017/10/1
N2 - Objective: Smoking has been reported to increase the risk of SLE. However, it is controversial whether the risk of SLE decreases among alcohol drinkers or not. Furthermore, there is little information regarding the association between sports activity and the risk of SLE. We conducted a case-control study to examine the risk of developing SLE in relation to smoking history, alcohol consumption and sports activity. Methods: Cases were 59 SLE patients and controls were 244 new outpatients who visited the general internal medicine clinics. Logistic regression was used to assess the adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Ever-smokers (current and former smokers combined vs. never-smokers: OR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.10 to 4.16), heavy drinkers (30 ml of ethanol/day or more vs. 29 ml of ethanol/day or less: OR = 2.86, 95% CI = 1.50 to 5.47) and those with a high frequency of sports activity (5 days/week or more vs. 3-4days/week or less : OR = 2.19, 95% CI = 1.14 to 4.18) showed an increased risk of SLE even after controlling for age, sex, and other two factors. Conclusions: The present study suggests that smoking history, a high frequency of sports activity and heavy alcohol consumption may be risk factors for SLE.
AB - Objective: Smoking has been reported to increase the risk of SLE. However, it is controversial whether the risk of SLE decreases among alcohol drinkers or not. Furthermore, there is little information regarding the association between sports activity and the risk of SLE. We conducted a case-control study to examine the risk of developing SLE in relation to smoking history, alcohol consumption and sports activity. Methods: Cases were 59 SLE patients and controls were 244 new outpatients who visited the general internal medicine clinics. Logistic regression was used to assess the adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Ever-smokers (current and former smokers combined vs. never-smokers: OR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.10 to 4.16), heavy drinkers (30 ml of ethanol/day or more vs. 29 ml of ethanol/day or less: OR = 2.86, 95% CI = 1.50 to 5.47) and those with a high frequency of sports activity (5 days/week or more vs. 3-4days/week or less : OR = 2.19, 95% CI = 1.14 to 4.18) showed an increased risk of SLE even after controlling for age, sex, and other two factors. Conclusions: The present study suggests that smoking history, a high frequency of sports activity and heavy alcohol consumption may be risk factors for SLE.
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M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85029652977
SN - 1341-2051
VL - 24
SP - 366
EP - 370
JO - International Medical Journal
JF - International Medical Journal
IS - 5
ER -