Structural comparison of 1β-methylcarbapenem, carbapenem and penem: NMR studies and theoretical calculations

Structural comparisons of meropenem (1), desmethyl meropenem (2) and the penem analogue (3) which contain the same side chains at both C-2 and C-6 were performed using ¹H NMR measurements together with 3-21G level of ab initio MO and molecular mechanics calculations. The ab initio MO calculations reproduced the skeletons of these strained β-lactam rings in good agreement with the crystallographic data. ¹H NMR measurements in aqueous solution together with molecular modeling studies indicated that there were conformational differences of the C-2 and C-6 side chains in this series of compounds. These observations suggested that the conformational differences could affect their biological activities.