Successful allogeneic stem cell transplantation in a case with acute myeloid leukemia and invasive Schizophyllum commune rhinosinusitis

Schizophyllum commune, a basidiomycete fungus, is a quite rare cause of invasive sinusitis for which no standard treatment has yet been established. We report herein a 59-year-old woman who developed S. commune rhinosinusitis after remission induction chemotherapy for her acute myeloid leukemia. No causative microorganisms were identified in the sinus lavage fluid culture, whereas nucleotide sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region using endoscopic sinus biopsy specimen could confirm the pathogen as S. commune. Liposomal amphotericin B and voriconazole (VRCZ) treatment ameliorated both her clinical symptoms and laboratory findings. The patient was successfully treated with allogeneic stem cell transplantation, under continuous VRCZ administration, without aggravation of S. commune sinusitis. Molecular diagnosis and prompt intervention with suitable antifungal drugs may be crucial to manage this rare infectious complication.