Suppression of experimental choroidal neovascularization utilizing KDR selective receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor

Background: We investigated the role of the VEGF-VEGF receptor 2 (KDR) system in the development of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and its possibility as a therapeutic target utilizing KDR selective receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor (SU5416) both in vitro and in an experimental CNV model. Methods: VEGF-induced phosphorylation of KDR and p44/p42 MAPK in cultured bovine choroidal endothelial cells (BCECs) was determined by Western blot analysis. The proliferation and in vitro tube formation were analyzed by [³H]thymidine uptake and three-dimensional collagen gel model. For experimental CNV model, intense fundus laser photocoagulation was performed on pigmented rats. The anti-angiogenic efficacy of intraperitoneally injected SU5416 on experimental CNV was evaluated by fluorescein angiograpby and histology. The extent of fluorescein leakage on late-phase angiograms was scored, and the thickness of CNV membrane was histologically measured under a light microscope. Results: VEGF-induced KDR phosphorylation in cultured BCECs was inhibited by SU5416 in a dose-dependent manner (0-3 μM) with IC₅₀ of 0.29± 0.071 μM. SU5416 treatment also resulted in a dose-dependent prohibition of VEGF-induced p44/p42 MAPK phosphorylation, [³H]thymidine uptake and in vitro tube formation with corresponding concentrations that inhibited KDR phosphorylation. The leakage score on fluorescein angiography for experimental CNV was significantly lower in the SU5416-treated group than in the control group (P<0.01). Histologically, the CNV membranes in the SU5416-treated group were 31.6% thinner than those in the control group (P<0.01). Conclusion: These results strengthen the evidence for a critical role of the VEGF-KDR system in the development of CNV, indicating that KDR selective inhibitor might be beneficial for the treatment of intraocular angiogenic diseases, including age-related macular degeneration.