TY - JOUR
T1 - Surface molecular motion of monodisperse α,ω-diamino-terminated and α,ω-dicarboxy-terminated polystyrenes
AU - Satomi, N.
AU - Tanaka, Keiji
AU - Takahara, Atsushi
AU - Kajiyama, T.
AU - Ishizone, T.
AU - Nakahama, S.
PY - 2001/12/4
Y1 - 2001/12/4
N2 - Surface glass transition behaviors of monodisperse α,ω-diamino-terminated and α,ω-dicarboxy-terminated polystyrenes (α,ω-PS(NH2)2 and α,ω-PS(COOH)2) were studied by scanning force microscopy and were compared with the results of proton-terminated polystyrene (PS-H). All surface glass transition temperatures, Tgs, of PS-H, α,ω-PS(NH2)2, and α,ω-PS(COOH)2 were discernibly lower than each corresponding bulk glass transition temperature, Tgb. However, the magnitude of Tgs was strongly dependent on the chemical structure of chain end groups, because the surface concentration of chain ends varied with the surface free energy difference between the main chain part and the chain end portion, via the surface segregation or surface depletion of chain ends. This result makes it clear that chain end chemistry is one of determining factors on the magnitude of Tgs. On the basis of the time-temperature superposition principle applied to the scanning rate dependence of lateral force as a function of temperature, the apparent activation energy, ΔH‡, of the αa-relaxation process corresponding to micro-Brownian motion at the surface was evaluated to be approximately 230 kJ mol-1. This value is much smaller than the reported bulk ones and is independent of the chemical structure of chain ends. This result implies that the cooperativity for the αa-relaxation process at the PS surface is reduced in comparison with the bulk, probably due to the existence of the free space presented to polymer segments at the surface. Hence, it was concluded that the surface αa-relaxation process was activated by not only the chain end effect but also the reduced cooperativity at the surface. Finally, possible other factors determining on the magnitude of Tgs were discussed.
AB - Surface glass transition behaviors of monodisperse α,ω-diamino-terminated and α,ω-dicarboxy-terminated polystyrenes (α,ω-PS(NH2)2 and α,ω-PS(COOH)2) were studied by scanning force microscopy and were compared with the results of proton-terminated polystyrene (PS-H). All surface glass transition temperatures, Tgs, of PS-H, α,ω-PS(NH2)2, and α,ω-PS(COOH)2 were discernibly lower than each corresponding bulk glass transition temperature, Tgb. However, the magnitude of Tgs was strongly dependent on the chemical structure of chain end groups, because the surface concentration of chain ends varied with the surface free energy difference between the main chain part and the chain end portion, via the surface segregation or surface depletion of chain ends. This result makes it clear that chain end chemistry is one of determining factors on the magnitude of Tgs. On the basis of the time-temperature superposition principle applied to the scanning rate dependence of lateral force as a function of temperature, the apparent activation energy, ΔH‡, of the αa-relaxation process corresponding to micro-Brownian motion at the surface was evaluated to be approximately 230 kJ mol-1. This value is much smaller than the reported bulk ones and is independent of the chemical structure of chain ends. This result implies that the cooperativity for the αa-relaxation process at the PS surface is reduced in comparison with the bulk, probably due to the existence of the free space presented to polymer segments at the surface. Hence, it was concluded that the surface αa-relaxation process was activated by not only the chain end effect but also the reduced cooperativity at the surface. Finally, possible other factors determining on the magnitude of Tgs were discussed.
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U2 - 10.1021/ma010126w
DO - 10.1021/ma010126w
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:0035808085
VL - 34
SP - 8761
EP - 8767
JO - Macromolecules
JF - Macromolecules
SN - 0024-9297
IS - 25
ER -