Synchronized fresh cell bioreactor system for continuous L-(+)-lactic acid production using Lactococcus lactis IO-1 in hydrolysed sago starch

An efficient bioreactor, termed a 'synchronized fresh cell bioreactor', was developed and consisted of a pH-dependent substrate feed system coupled with cross flow filtration and turbidity control. The effect of high dilution rate and high cell density coupled with high cell viability on the production of L-lactic acid in continuous culture by Lactococcus lactis IO-1 in enzyme-hydrolysed sago starch medium was investigated. For all changes in dilution rate, cells responded in a synchronized way to the addition of glucose by increasing the rate of biomass formation. Consequently, a glucose-free feed solution was required to maintain the cell concentration at a particular pre-set value. This set-up facilitated the maintenance of the cells in a permanent log phase. At a cell concentration of 15 gl^-1 and a feed glucose concentration of 53 gl^-1, volumetric LA productivities of 8.2, 19.3 and 33.1 gl^-1h^-1 were obtained at dilution rates of 0.21, 0.50 and 1.1 h^-1, respectively. The respective residual glucose concentrations in the spent medium were 1.90, 0.24 and 3.80 gl^-1. By increasing the cell density, the volumetric productivity increased proportionally. At high cell density, higher dilution rates resulted in lower lactate concentrations in the culture medium resulting in higher productivity. This reactor facilitated efficient operation with high cell viability by maintaining the cells in continuous growth phase for long-term fermentation. Therefore, the growth rate (μ) was calculated according to the Monod equation. Using this system, high specific productivities can be obtained which guarantees high commercial productivity at economical cost with only a small investment for setting up the sago industry.