TY - JOUR
T1 - Tele-assessment of bandwidth limitation for remote robotics surgery
AU - Ebihara, Yuma
AU - Oki, Eiji
AU - Hirano, Satoshi
AU - Takano, Hironobu
AU - Ota, Mitsuhiko
AU - Morohashi, Hajime
AU - Hakamada, Kenichi
AU - Urushidani, Shigeo
AU - Mori, Masaki
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by a grant from the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) (Grant Number 21hs0122001h0002).
Funding Information:
This study was conducted as part of the Advanced Telemedicine Network Research Project of the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), and we are grateful for their financial support. We thank all physicians including the gastroenterological and thoracic surgeons, urologists, gynecologists, and engineers, who participating in this study. We also express our deepest gratitude to the Medicaroid Corporation for their cooperation in the experiments.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
PY - 2022
Y1 - 2022
N2 - Purpose: We investigated the communication bandwidth (CB) limitation for remote robotics surgery (RRS) using hinotori™ (Medicaroid, Kobe, Japan). Methods: The operating rooms of the Hokkaido University Hospital and Kyushu University Hospital were connected using the Science Information NETwork (SINET). The minimum required CB for the RRS was verified by decreasing the CB from 500 to 100 Mbps. Ten surgeons were tested on a task (intracorporeal suturing) at different levels of video compression (VC) (VC1: 120 Mbps, VC2: 40 Mbps, VC3: 20 Mbps) with the minimum required CB, and assessed based on the task completion time, Global Evaluative Assessment of Robotic Skills (GEARS), and System and Piper Fatigue Scale-12 (PFS-12). Results: Packet loss was observed at 3–7% and image degradation was observed at 145 Mbps CB. The task performance with VC1 was significantly worse than that with VC2 and VC3 according to the task completion time (VC1 vs VC2, P = 0.032; VC1 vs. VC3, P = 0.032), GEARS (VC1 vs VC2; P = 0.029, VC1 vs VC3; P = 0.031), and PFS-12 (VC1 vs. VC2; P = 0.032, VC1 vs. VC3; P = 0.032) with 145 Mbps. Conclusion: Our findings provide evidence that RRS using hinotori™ requires a CB ≥ 150 Mbps. We also found that when there is insufficient CB, RRS can be continued by compressing the image.
AB - Purpose: We investigated the communication bandwidth (CB) limitation for remote robotics surgery (RRS) using hinotori™ (Medicaroid, Kobe, Japan). Methods: The operating rooms of the Hokkaido University Hospital and Kyushu University Hospital were connected using the Science Information NETwork (SINET). The minimum required CB for the RRS was verified by decreasing the CB from 500 to 100 Mbps. Ten surgeons were tested on a task (intracorporeal suturing) at different levels of video compression (VC) (VC1: 120 Mbps, VC2: 40 Mbps, VC3: 20 Mbps) with the minimum required CB, and assessed based on the task completion time, Global Evaluative Assessment of Robotic Skills (GEARS), and System and Piper Fatigue Scale-12 (PFS-12). Results: Packet loss was observed at 3–7% and image degradation was observed at 145 Mbps CB. The task performance with VC1 was significantly worse than that with VC2 and VC3 according to the task completion time (VC1 vs VC2, P = 0.032; VC1 vs. VC3, P = 0.032), GEARS (VC1 vs VC2; P = 0.029, VC1 vs VC3; P = 0.031), and PFS-12 (VC1 vs. VC2; P = 0.032, VC1 vs. VC3; P = 0.032) with 145 Mbps. Conclusion: Our findings provide evidence that RRS using hinotori™ requires a CB ≥ 150 Mbps. We also found that when there is insufficient CB, RRS can be continued by compressing the image.
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U2 - 10.1007/s00595-022-02497-5
DO - 10.1007/s00595-022-02497-5
M3 - Article
C2 - 35546642
AN - SCOPUS:85129866754
SN - 0941-1291
JO - Surgery Today
JF - Surgery Today
ER -